The Presence Of Mumaiyiz Children In Making A Choice In Hadhanah Cases: A Study Of The Practice Of Majlis Sulh In Selangor Shariah Court

Kehadiran Kanak-Kanak Mumaiyiz Mengemukakan Pilihan Dalam Kes Hadhanah: Kajian Amalan Majlis Sulh Di Mahkamah Syariah Negeri Selangor

Authors

  • Shanizah Ngatiman Pelajar Doktor Falsafah (Ph.D)
  • Nurhidayah Muhammad Hashim Profesor Madya
  • Zuliza Mohd Kusrin Profesor Madya

Keywords:

Choices, Children, Sulh, Mumaiyiz, Hadhanah

Abstract

The Selangor Islamic Family Law Enactment (EUKIS 2003) allows children who have reached the age of mumaiyiz to have the right to speak and present their views and make choices in hadhanah (custody) cases involving them. Their views will help the court to decide with whom they will live after the parents divorce. This right is also in line with the provision of Article 12 in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC 1989) that all parties including the court should take into account the views and wishes of children in matters involving them including determination of hadanah matters. In the practice of the Selangor Shariah Court, the determination of hadhanah is carried out in two methods: first, the Sulh session and  second, the trial session in open court if the Sulh is unsuccessful. This qualitative legal study was carried out with the aim of examining and analyzing the EUKIS 2003,  the Sulh Manual and the practice of Sulh councils in the state of Selangor involving mumaiyiz children in hadhanah cases. Using the method of document analysis and also interviews with 13 Sulh officials, the study found that although EUKIS 2003 clearly states about the right, there is no specific provision that allows mumaiyiz children to attend and present opinions and make choices in the Sulh session. Thus, the study also found that the Sulh session that is held in general does not give rights to children and they are not called except in certain cases with the wishes of conflicting parents. This study suggests that the Sulh Method can be improved so that children's rights are respected in line with EUKIS 2003 and also the UNCRC.

Abstrak
Enakmen Undang-undang Keluarga Islam Selangor (EUKIS 2003) membenarkan  kanak-kanak yang telah mencapai umur mumaiyiz mendapat hak bersuara dan mengemukakan pandangan dan membuat pilihan dalam kes hadhanah (penjagaan) yang melibatkan diri mereka. Pandangan mereka akan membantu mahkamah memutuskan dengan siapa mereka akan tinggal selepas ibu bapa bercerai. Hak ini juga adalah selari dengan peruntukan Perkara 12 dalam Konvensyen Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu Mengenai Hak Kanak-kanak (United Nation Convention on the Rights of the Child) (UNCRC 1989)  bahawa semua pihak termasuklah mahkamah wajar mengambil kira pandangan dan kehendak kanak-kanak dalam perkara yang melibatkan mereka termasuklah urusan penentuan penjagaan. Dalam amalan Mahkamah Syariah Selangor, penentuan hadhanah dijalankan dalam dua kaedah iaitu pertama, sesi perbincangan Sulh dan juga kedua, sesi perbicaraan dalam mahkamah terbuka sekiranya Sulh tidak berjaya. Kajian undang-undang kualitatif ini dijalankan bertujuan meneliti dan menganalisis dokumen undang-undang Keluarga Islam Selangor 2003 dan Manual Sulh dan mengkaji amalan majlis Sulh  di negeri Selangor melibatkan kanak-kanak mumaiyiz dalam kes hadhanah yang diputuskan. Menggunakan metode dokumen analisis dan juga temubual bersama 13 orang pegawai Sulh, kajian mendapati bahawa walaupun EUKIS 2003 menyatakan dengan jelas tentang hak tersebut, namun tiada peruntukan khusus yang membolehkan kanak-kanak mumaiyiz hadir dan  mengemukakan pendapat dan membuat pilihan hadhanah dalam kaedah Sulh. Justeru, kajian turut mendapati bahawa majlis Sulh yang dilaksanakan secara umumnya tidak memberi hak kepada kanak-kanak dan mereka tidak dipanggil kecuali dalam kes tertentu dengan  kehendak ibu bapa yang bertikai.  Kajian ini mencadangkan agar Kaedah Sulh dapat ditambahbaik agar  hak kanak-kanak dihormati selari dengan EUKIS 2003 dan juga UNCRC.

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Author Biographies

Shanizah Ngatiman, Pelajar Doktor Falsafah (Ph.D)

Akademi Pengajian Islam Kontemporari (ACIS), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM).

Nurhidayah Muhammad Hashim, Profesor Madya

Akademi Pengajian Islam Kontemporari (ACIS), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM).

Zuliza Mohd Kusrin, Profesor Madya

Fakulti Pengajian Islam (FPI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM).

References

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Dokumen Undang-Undang

Arahan Amalan JKSM 1/2010 (Penentuan Kes Yang Perlu Dirujuk Ke Majlis Sulh Pada Peringkat Pendaftaran Kes).

Arahan Amalan JKSM 2/2012 (Perjanjian Penyelesaian/ Persetujuan yang dibuat oleh Peguam Syarie atau Pihak-Pihak).

Arahan Amalan JKSM 2/2012 (Perjanjian Penyelesaian/ Persetujuan yang dibuat oleh Peguam Syarie atau Pihak-Pihak).

Arahan Amalan JKSM No. 1/2000 (Kod Pendaftaran Kes).

Arahan Amalan JKSM No. 11/2005 (Bidang Kuasa Mahkamah Rendah Syariah Merekodkan Sulh dan Persetujuan Bersama).

Arahan Amalan JKSM No. 15/2005 (Menggugurkan Nafkah ‘Iddah, Mut'ah, Nafkah Anak dan Hadhanah dalam Perjanjian Persetujuan).

Arahan Amalan JKSM No. 3/2002 (Pemakaian Sulh).

Arahan Amalan JKSM No. 4/2006 (Perintah Perjanjian Persetujuan Sulh).

Arahan Amalan JKSM No. 4/2011 (Kesan Perjanjian Persetujuan Sulh).

Arahan Amalan JKSM No. 7/2003 (Cara Menyimpan dan Melupuskan Catatan Pegawai Sulh).

Arahan Amalan JKSM No. 8/2003 (Prosedur Penyerahan Notis Sulh).

Manual Kerja Sulh JKSM Tahun 2002.

Published

2023-09-16

How to Cite

Ngatiman, S., Muhammad Hashim, N., & Kusrin, Z. M. (2023). The Presence Of Mumaiyiz Children In Making A Choice In Hadhanah Cases: A Study Of The Practice Of Majlis Sulh In Selangor Shariah Court : Kehadiran Kanak-Kanak Mumaiyiz Mengemukakan Pilihan Dalam Kes Hadhanah: Kajian Amalan Majlis Sulh Di Mahkamah Syariah Negeri Selangor. Al-Qanatir: International Journal of Islamic Studies, 31(2), 34–44. Retrieved from http://al-qanatir.com/aq/article/view/753

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