The Impact Of An-Nadhar Al-Maslahi Of Nawazil Of Coronavirus: Maqasidiyyah Study In The Fatwas Of The Fiqh Councils In Bab Of ‘Ibadat
أثر النّظر المصلحيّ في نوازل كورونا المستجدّ: دراسة مقاصديّة في فتاوى المجامع الفقهيّة في باب العبادات
Keywords:
Corona, Reformation, Impact, Maqasid, FiqhAbstract
In our present times, fatwas have appeared that are ignorant of the purposes and rules of the law, and lack a sound scientific method, especially in the events of the new Corona epidemic and its impact on worship. The aim of this research is to demonstrate the impact of the reformist consideration of the emerging problems of Corona on the fatwas of two jurisprudential councils, and to highlight the sound methodology based on the principles of the Sharia and its purposes for dealing with calamities. The researcher followed an inductive and analytical approach of the fatwas issued by the two councils. The researcher concluded that the interest (maslahah) based approach takes into account interest and builds upon it to achieve a welfare goal while avoiding some harm. It is broader in scope and avoids corruption, as it is broader than public interest (maslahah mursalah). There are restrictions that should be taken into account when considering the reformist opinion, which are: that the beholder must be qualified for ijtihad, that he does not suspend an explicit legal text, and that he returns to the preservation of the objectives of the law, and that the consideration be given to the meaning of the rulings that are reasonable. The effect of the reformist examination was evident in many of the events of Corona concerning worship in the fatwas issued by the councils. It is reflected in provisions regarding purity, prayer, fasting, zakat, Hajj, and sacrifice.
ملخص البحث
ظهرت في زمننا الحاضر فتاوى تجهل مقاصد الشّرع وقواعده، وتفتقر إلى المنهج العلميّ السّديد، لا سيّما في نوازل وباء كورونا المستجدّ في باب العبادات. هدفَ هذا البحث إلى بيان أثر النّظر المصلحيّ في نوازل كورونا المستجدّ في فتاوى مجمعين فقهيّين في هذا الباب، وإبراز المنهجيّة السّليمة المبنيّة على أصول الشّرع ومقاصده للتّعامل مع النّوازل، واتّبع الباحث لتحقيق هدفي البحث المنهج الاستقرائيّ والتّحليليّ، اللّذين يتمثّلان في استقراء وتتبّع فتاوى المجمعين في باب العبادات، المبنيّة على النّظر المصلحيّ، ثمّ تحليلها ودراستها. وقد توصّل الباحث إلى أهمّ النّتائج الآتية: أنّ النّظر المصلحيّ حجّة، حيث تراعى فيه المصلحة ويبنى عليها، وتدرأ به المفسدة، وهو أوسع من المصلحة المرسلة والتّعليل المصلحيّ وسدّ الذّرائع. هناك ضوابط ينبغي مراعاتها عند النّظر المصلحيّ، وهي: أَنْ يكون النّاظر أهلًا للاجتهاد، وأن لا يعطّل نصًّا شرعيًّا صريحًا، وأن يرجع إلى حفظ مقاصد الشّرع، وأن يكون النّظر فيما يعقل معناه من الأحكام. تجلّى أثر النّظر المصلحيّ في كثير من نوازل كورونا في باب العبادات في فتاوى المجمعين، فقد برزت في بعض أحكام (الطّهارة، والصّلاة، والصّيام، والزّكاة، والحجّ، والأضحية).
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Copyright (c) 2021 Muneer Ali Abdul Rab, Baidar Mohammed Mohammed Hasan, Mesbahul Hoque
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