A Comparative Study Of The Practice Of Zakat Distribution To Asnaf Fi Sabilillah In Selected States In Malaysia

Kajian Perbandingan Amalan Agihan Zakat Kepada Asnaf Fi Sabilillah Di Negeri-Negeri Terpilih Di Malaysia

Abstract

Zakat is one of the sources of economic development for Muslims. While the zakat institutions in each state are responsible for collecting, distributing, and managing the zakat of Muslims. After the collection of zakat has been collected, it must be distributed to the eight groups of asnaf, as explained by SWT through verse 60 of Surah at-Taubah. Fi sabilillah is one of the eight asnaf mentioned in the verse. However, this asnaf fi sabilillah is often debated among jurists, not to mention the Malaysian community, regarding the definition and qualifications of the parties classified as asnaf fi sabilillah. There are differences between one state and another in Malaysia regarding the definition and allocation of zakat to this asnaf. The objective of this study is to identify the extent to which the meaning of fi sabilillah has been expanded to be able to be used in planning the socio-economic development of Muslims. In addition, this study also aims to see how the practice of zakat distribution to asnaf fi sabilillah is implemented in five selected states. The study was conducted at five zakat institutions in Malaysia, namely the Kedah State Zakat Board (LZNK), the Selangor Zakat Board (LZS), the Johor State Islamic Religious Council (MAINJ), the Kelantan Islamic Religious Council and Malay Customs (MAIK), and the Sabah Islamic Religious Council. (MUIS). The analysis of the study was carried out to examine the definition of fi sabilillah in the five institutions as well as researching the distribution schemes provided to asnaf fi sabilillah. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach, which involves data collection through documentation. A literature review is also used to obtain relevant information and data. Data analysis methods are also used to analyze the data obtained. The study found that there are indeed differences in the terms and priorities of asnaf fi sabilillah in terms of allocations and groups given by each state in Malaysia.

Abstrak
Zakat merupakan salah satu sumber pembangunan ekonomi umat Islam. Manakala institusi zakat di setiap negeri pula bertanggungjawab mengumpul, mengagih dan menguruskan zakat umat Islam. Setelah hasil kutipan zakat telah dikumpul kemudian mestilah diagihkan kepada lapan golongan asnaf seperti mana yang dijelaskan oleh SWT menerusi ayat 60 surah at-Taubah. Fi sabilillah adalah satu daripada lapan asnaf yang disebutkan di dalam ayat tersebut. Walau bagaimanapun, asnaf fi sabilillah ini sering menjadi perbahasan dalam kalangan fuqaha apatah lagi bagi masyarakat Malaysia berkaitan pendefinisian dan kelayakan pihak-pihak yang digolongkan sebagai asnaf fi sabiliLlah. Terdapat perbezaan antara satu negeri dengan negeri yang lain di Malaysia berkaitan definisi dan peruntukan zakat kepada asnaf ini. Objektif kajian ini dilakukan adalah untuk mengenalpasti sejauh mana makna fi sabilillah itu diluaskan penafsirannya yang mampu digunakan dalam merancang pembangunan sosio-ekonomi umat Islam. Selain itu kajian ini juga bertujuan melihat apakah amalan agihan zakat kepada asnaf fi sabilillah yang dilaksanakan di lima negeri terpilih. Kajian telah dijalankan di lima institusi zakat di Malaysia iaitu Lembaga Zakat Negeri Kedah (LZNK), Lembaga Zakat Selangor (LZS), Majlis Agama Islam Negeri Johor (MAINJ), Majlis Agama Islam dan Adat Istiadat Melayu Kelantan (MAIK) dan Majlis Ugama Islam Sabah (MUIS). Analisis kajian dilakukan bagi meneliti pentakrifan fi sabilillah di kelima-lima institusi tersebut serta menyelidik skim-skim agihan yang disediakan kepada asnaf fi sabilillah. Kajian ini dijalankan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif iaitu dengan melibatkan kaedah pengumpulan data melalui dokumentasi. Kajian kepustakaan juga digunakan bagi mendapatkan maklumat dan data-data yang berkaitan. Kaedah analisis data turut digunakan bagi menganalisis data-data yang diperolehi. Kajian mendapati sememangnya terdapat perbezaan pada terma dan keutamaan asnaf fi sabilillah daripada segi peruntukan dan golongan yang diberikan oleh setiap negeri di Malaysia.