Aplikasi Kaedah Al-Mashaqqah Tajlib Al-Taysir Dalam Pengurusan Ibadah Pesakit Skizoafektif
The Application Of Al-Mashaqqah Tajlib Al-Taysir Method In Worship Management Of Schizoaffective Patients
Keywords:
Schizoaffetive, Hallucination, Delusion, Worship, DifficultiesAbstract
Schizoaffective illness is one category of mental disorders that are linked to a mix of symptoms resembling both emotional disorders like depression and bipolar disorder and signs of schizophrenia. Symptoms are frequently accompanied by hallucinations, delusions, mania, and depression. Patients may eventually lose their sanity in a certain period due to these four symptoms. Naturally, in this instance, it negatively impacts the patient's quality of life in a number of ways, including emotional, cognitive, social, and religious domains. Sharia does not burden the performance of worship that is beyond the ability of the mukalaf. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the concept of schizoaffective disorder and its symptoms from a psychiatric standpoint and implement the method of al-mashaqqah tajlib al-taysīr in the management of schizoaffective patient worship. This study will utilise the documentation method, including references to fiqh and usul fiqh books, contemporary fiqh, psychiatric medical references, as well as scientific articles in relevant disciplines. The results of the study found that schizoaffective disease results in serious functional impairment symptoms such as psychotic symptoms, mania, and depression that affect the performing eligibility of mukalaf. The method of al-mashaqqah tajlib al-taysīr can be applied as a foundation in developing a worship procedure for schizoaffective patients based on the assessment of their existing taklif and the patient's difficulties with worship.
Abstrak
Penyakit skizoafektif merupakan salah satu pembahagian penyakit kecelaruan mental yang dikaitkan dengan gabungan simptom skizofrenia dan gangguan emosi seperti kecelaruan bipolar dan kemurungan. Antara gejala yang sering dikaitkan dengan skizoafektif ialah gejala halusinasi, delusi, mania dan kemurungan. Keempat gejala ini boleh mengakibatkan pesakit hilang kewarasan dalam tempoh tertentu. Sudah tentu dalam hal ini ia menganggu kualiti hidup pesakit dalam pelbagai aspek merangkumi emosi, kognitif, sosial dan termasuklah aspek ibadah. Syarak tidak membebankan pelaksanaan ibadah apa yang di luar kemampuan mukalaf. Justeru kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji konsep skizoafektif dan gejala-gejalanya menurut perspektif psikiatri serta mengaplikasikan kaedah al-mashaqqah tajlib al-taysīr dalam pengurusan ibadah pesakit skizoafektif. Kajian ini akan memanfaatkan metod dokumentasi merangkumi rujukan kepada kitab-kitab fiqah, usul fiqah, fiqh kontemporari, rujukan perubatan psikiatri serta artikel-artikel ilmiah dalam bidang-bidang berkaitan. Hasil kajian mendapati penyakit skizoafektif mengakibatkan gangguan fungsi gejala yang serius seperti gejala psikotik, mania dan kemurungan serta memberi kesan kepada kelayakan melaksana mukalaf. Kaedah al-mashaqqah tajlib al-taysīr boleh dijadikan landasan dalam membina prosedur ibadah pesakit skizoafektif berdasarkan penentuan taklif semasa dan kesusahan pesakit dalam permasalahan ibadah.
Downloads
References
Buku
al-Bujayrimi, S. M. (2007). Hāshiyah al-Bujayrimī ‘alā al-Khaṭīb. Bayrut: Dar al-Fikr.
al-Dasuqi, M. A. A. (2015). Hāshiyah al-Dasūqī ‘alā al-Syarh al-Kabīr. Bayrut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiah.
al-Kaf, H. (2003). Al-Taqrīrāt al-Sadīdah. Dar al-Mirath al-Nabawi.
al-Namlah, A. K. (1999). Al-Muhadzzzab fī ‘Ilm Usūl al-Fiqh al-Muqāran: Tahrīr li Masā’’lihi wa Dirāsatihā Dirāsatan Naẓariyyatan Taṭbīqiyyatan. Riyaḍ: Maktabah al-Rusyd.
al-Nawawi, Y. S. (1991). Rawḍah al-Ṭalibīn wa ‘Umdah al-Muftīn. Bayrut: al-Maktab al-Islami.
al-Nawawi, Y. S. (2008). Al-Majmūk Syarh al-Muhadzzab. Maktabah al-Irsyad.
al-Sharbini, M. M. (1994). Mughnī al-Muhtāj ilā Adillah al-Minhāj. Bayrut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiah.
al-Sharbini, M. M. (2004). Al-Iqnā’ fī Halli Alfāẓ Abī Syujā’. Berut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiah.
al-Shirazi, I. A. (1992). Al-Muhadzzab fī al-Fiqh al-Imām al-Syāfí’īe. Berut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiah.
al-Suyuti, A. R. (1990). Al-Asybāh wa al-Naẓā’ir fi Qawā’id wa Furū’ Fiqh al-Syāfi’iyyah. Bayrut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiah.
al-Taftazani, M. U. (1996). Syarh al-Talwīh ‘alā al-Tawḍīh. Bayrut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiah.
al-Zuhayli, M. (2009). Al-Qawā’id al-Fiqhiyyah wa Taṭbīquhā fi al-Mazāhib al-Arba’ah.
al-Zuhayli, W. (2006). Naẓariyyah al-Ḍarūrah al-Syar’iyyah. Bayrut: Dar al-Fikr al-Mu’asir.
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) text revision. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.
Cooper, J., N Sartorius. (2013). A Companion to the Classification of Mental Disorders. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Correll, C. U., & Schooler, N. R. (2020). Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: A Review and Clinical Guide for Recognition, Assessment and Treatment. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 16.
Ibn ‘Ashur, M. T. (2007). Maqāṣid al-Syar’iyyah al-Islāmiyah. Kaherah: Dar al-Salam.
Ibn Qudamah, A. M. (1997). Al-Mughnī. Dar A’lim al-Kutub.
Lewis, S. F., Escalona, R. & Samuel J. Keith. (2017). Phenomenology of Schizophrenia. Chapter in Kaplan & Sadock’s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 10th Ed.
Neeraja, K. P. (2006). Essential of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.
Dokumen
Castle, D. (2008). Maklumat Perubatan Psikiatri: Satu Panduan untuk Pesakit-Pesakit dan Penjaga-Penjaga. Institut Kajian Kesihatan Mental.
Fischer, B., & Buchanan, R. (2020). Schizophrenia in Adults: Clinical Manifestations, Course, Assessment and Diagnosis. UpToDate.
Noosha, N., Bonnie, Z., Nikki, F., Kim, M., Christopher, R. (2016). What is Schizoaffetive Disorder? Mind Matters Institute, (323) 825-1328, 2-11.
Jurnal
Ab Hamid , M. H., Tumiran, M. A., Hasan Adli , D. S., Mohd Yusoff, M. Y. @ Z., Mahaiyadin, M. H., Abdul Latiff, A. M., & Daud, M. Z. (2023). A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) Study On The Level Of Eligibility Of Al-Ahliyyah For Muslim Individuals With Disabilities . Al-Qanatir: International Journal of Islamic Studies, 30(2), 224–236. Retrieved from https://al-qanatir.com/aq/article/view/654
Akbar, M. N. (2022). Implementasi Kaidah Mashaqqah Tajlib at Taisir dalam Ibadah. Jurnal Tinta, 4(2), 27-28.
al-Jawarneh, I. & Midady, R. (2019). The Rules of Austistic Patients in Islamic Jurisprudence: Authentic Study (Ahkām Marḍā al-Tawahhud fī al-Fiqh al-Islāmī Dirāsāt Ta’ṣīliyyah Fiqhiyyah). Shariah and Law Journal, 46(1), 117-142.
Bianca, U. & Joerg, A. H. (2020). Schizoaffective Disorder: A Challenge. Journal of Aging Science, 8(1), 1-2.
Chaleshi, D., Badrabadi, F., Anari, G., Sorkhizadeh, S., Nematollahi, Z., Shirdareh Haghighi, M. H., Aghabagheri, M. (2023). Depressive symptom level, sleep quality, and internet addiction among medical students in home quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental Illness, Article 1787947, 1-9.
Ghaly, M. (2019). The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilites and the Islamic Tradition: The Question of Legal Capacity in Focus. Journal of Disability and Religion, 23(3), 251-278.
Hamzah, K. & Basyiri, A. R. (2022). Athar al-Iḍṭirābāt al-Nafsiyyah ‘alā Ahliyyah al-Adā’ fi al-Tasyrī’ al-Jazā’irī wa ‘alā Ḍaw’i Ilm al-Ṭib al-Nafsī. Majallah al-Huquq wa al-Ulum al-Islamiah, 15(2), 32-52.
Harahap, M. A. & Nelvia, D. D. (2023). Gangguan Psikotik Akut dan Gangguan Skizoafektif. Jurnal Ventilator: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Kesehatan dan Keperawatan, 1(3), 66-78.
Heun, R. (2018). A Systematic Review on the Effect on Ramadan on Mental Health: Minor Effects and No Haram in General, but Increased Risk of Relapse in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Global Psychiatry, 1(1), 7-16.
Izakova, L. and Breznoscakova, D. (2021). Differences in Treatment of Schizoaffective Disorder and Schizophrenia in Real Clinical Practice in Slovakia. Health, 13, 68-79,
Kennedy, S. H. (2022). Core Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder: Relevance to Diagnosis and Treatment. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 271-277.
Latuhuru, G. (2023). Behavioral Activation dan Terapi Keluarga pada Pasien Psikoafektif Tipe Depresi. Journal of Humanities and Social Studies, 1(2), 434-445.
Marshalita, N., & Rokhmani, C. F. (2021). Penatalaksanaan Kasus Skizoafektif Tipe Depresi pada Ny. SH Usia 44 Tahun dengan Pendekatan Kedokteran Keluarga. Majority, 10(2), 28–38.
Miller, J. N., Black, D. W. (2020). Schizoaffective Disorder: A Challenging Diagnosis. Current Pyschiatry, 19(8), 30-37.
Mohamad Iqfal, Ajie, B. W., Dewanto, W. (2023). Penerapan Pemidanaan terhadap Pelaku Kejahatan Orang dengan Gangguan Jiwa. Journal of Law, 1(2), 86-94.
Mohd Khir, A., Rodzuwan, N. A. S., Md Noor, A. et al. (2020). Sokongan Sosial, Penghargaan Kendiri dan Kemurungan dalam kalangan Mahasiswa di Universiti. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 5(11), 33-42.
Neha Kouser. (2021). Schizoaffective Disorder is a Serious Mental Health Condition. Journal Psychology Cognition, 6(8), 1.
Nor Azura, A. A., Wan Abdul Fattah, W. A., Nalisha, M. R., Nadia, H., Nur Akilah, A. G. (2019). Islamic Legal Maxims Analysis on Orthognathic Surgery and Treatment. International Journal of Islamic Thought, 15, 107-119.
Paudel S., Brown H., et al. (2020). The Neurobiology of Schizoaffective Disorder. Psychiatric Annals, 50(5), 190-194.
Perrota, G. (2019). Bipolar Disorder: Definiton, Differential Diagnosis, Clinical Contexts and Therapeutic Approaches. Journal Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, 5(1), 1-6.
Qalah, S. (2011). Ahkām Ṭalāq al-Muḍṭarib Nafsiyyan. Majallah al-Buhuth wa al-Dirasat, 8(1), 27-58.
Salim, K. (2019). Al-Junūn wa ma Yasytabihu bihi wa Atharuhu fī al-Taklīf. Majallah Kuliyyah al-Banat al-Azhariah al-Tibiyyah, 3, 426-520.
Santi Tri Wintari. (2020). Studi Kasus Dinamika Psikologis Pasien dengan Gangguan Mental Psikotik Skizoafektif. Psyche Journal, 13(1), 114-120.
Sari, D. N., & Kusumawati, M. (2022). Schizoaffective Disorder Depressive Type : Case Report. Proceeding of The 15th Continuing Medical Education, 1(1), 958–967.
Siamil, N., Zabidi, ‘Ainul M., Zamri, M. F. N., & Hussin, Z.- kifli. (2022). Aplikasi Kaedah Fiqh “Al-Masyaqqah Tajlibu Al-taysīr” dalam Fiqh Banjir di Malaysia. Jurnal Pengajian Islam, 15(2), 155–170.
Surdi, A. M., Abdul Rahman, N. N., & Ibrahim, A. H. (2023). Mental Capacity In Islamic Law And Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review. Al-Qanatir: International Journal of Islamic Studies, 31(1), 26–38. Retrieved from https://al-qanatir.com/aq/article/view/587
Syed Mohamed, S. S. (2022). Kedudukan Taklif dalam Pelaksanaan Ibadat bagi OKU Masalah Pembelajaran Pelbagai dan Mental. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 27(4), 126-151.
Taylor, M. A., Eboni, N. B., Allison, M. I., Samuel, P. A., (2020). Schizoaffective Disorder: Implication of Sosial Dysfunction. International Journal of Science and Research Metodology, 17(2), 246-259.
Whiteley, C. (2021). Depression as a disorder of consciousness. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science. https://doi.org/10.1086/716838
Yahya, N. A. & Md Sham, F. (2020). Sejarah dan Simptom Kemurungan: Kajian Literatur. Sains Insani, 5(1), 34-42.
Zulfahmi. (2021). Konsep Rukhṣah Sebagai Perwujudan Islam Akomodatif, Kajian Kaidah Hukum Islam. Jurnal Hukum Islam, 21(2), 152-169.
Temu Bual
Muhammad Najib Mohamad Alwi. Pakar Psikiatri. 3 Februari 2023.
Wan Nor Alyaa Wan Zain. Pakar Psikitari. 11 Jun 2023.
Tesis Dan Disertasi
Abdul Rahman, K. (2011). Ahkām al-Marīḍ al-Nafsī fī al-Fiqh al-Islāmī. Tesis PhD, Fakulti Syariah, Universiti Imam Mohd Saud.
Nasib, I. (2015). Al-Iḍṭirābāt al-Nafsiyyah wa Atharuhā fī Ahkām al-Zawāj wa al-Ṭalāq Dirāsah Fiqhiyyah Muqāranah. Tesis Sarjana, Kuliyyah al-Syariah al-Islamiah wa al-Qanun, University of Echahid Hamma Lakhdar, El-Oued.
Nur Asis, D. (2020). Studi Dokumentasi Gangguan Sensori Persepsi: Halusinasi Pendengaran pada Pasien dengan Skizoafektif. Tesis Diploma, Akademi Keperawatan Yogjakarta.
Opir, A. (2015). Athar ‘Awāriḍ al-Ahliyyah fī ‘Aqd al-Bay’. Tesis PhD, The World Islamic Sciences and Education University, Amman, Jordan.
Widyaiswara, T. P. & Zuhdi, S. (2023). Konsep Ahliyyah bagi Ahli Waris yang Mengalami Gangguan Mental Psikosis Singkat. Tesis Ijazah Sarjana Muda, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Mardia Mazri
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
