al-Qanatir: International Journal of Islamic Studies

POTENTIAL MISUNDERSTANDINGS OF WAḤDAH AL-WUJŪD IN DIGITAL DISCOURSE IN MALAYSIA: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR DIGITAL CREEDAL LITERACY

Mohd Aiman Barudin — 2026-10-30

The discourse on waḥdah al-wujūd is among the most complex issues in Sufism, as it is closely related to questions of tawḥīd, the relationship between God and creation, and the polemics of ḥulūl and ittiḥād. Previous studies have examined this issue from the perspectives of history, fatwa, turāth works, Sufi figures in the Malay world, and the epistemology of terminology. However, there remains limited discussion that connects the polemic of waḥdah al-wujūd with the challenges of digital discourse, particularly from the perspective of digital creedal literacy. Therefore, this article aims to develop a conceptual framework for evaluating the potential misunderstandings of waḥdah al-wujūd in the digital sphere through the approaches of terminological semantics, Islamic epistemology, critical theological and intra-Sufi perspectives, and the principle of tafsīl before taḥkīm. This article employs a qualitative-conceptual approach through a literature analysis of waḥdah al-wujūd, fatwa polemics, Malay Sufism, digital media, and online religious authority. This article does not empirically analyse digital discourse data. As a conceptual synthesis, it proposes a preliminary model of digital creedal literacy comprising terminological tabayyun, reference to authority, contextual understanding, the ethics of judgement, assessment of digital mafsadah, and tafsīl before taḥkīm. The conceptual synthesis suggests that potential misunderstandings of waḥdah al-wujūd in digital discourse may arise not only from differences in Sufi interpretation and fatwa discourse, but also from features of digital religious communication that can simplify, viralise, and polemicise metaphysical terminology without sufficient scholarly context. By integrating the semantics of Sufi terminology, Islamic epistemology, and digital creedal literacy, this article offers an initial analytical approach for evaluating issues of creed and Sufism in digital discourse in a more ethical, authoritative, and balanced manner.

Abstrak

Perbahasan waḥdah al-wujūd merupakan antara isu tasawuf yang kompleks kerana berkait dengan persoalan tauhid, hubungan Tuhan dengan makhluk, serta polemik ḥulūl dan ittiḥād. Kajian terdahulu telah membincangkan isu ini dari sudut sejarah, fatwa, karya turāth, tokoh sufi Alam Melayu dan epistemologi istilah. Namun, masih kurang perbincangan yang menghubungkan polemik waḥdah al-wujūd dengan cabaran wacana digital, khususnya dari sudut literasi akidah digital. Justeru, artikel ini bertujuan membina satu kerangka konseptual bagi menilai potensi salah faham terhadap waḥdah al-wujūd dalam ruang digital melalui pendekatan semantik istilah, epistemologi Islam, perspektif kritikal teologi dan intra-Sufi, serta prinsip tafsīl sebelum taḥkīm. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-konseptual menerusi analisis literatur berkaitan waḥdah al-wujūd, polemik fatwa, tasawuf Melayu, media digital dan autoriti agama dalam talian. Artikel ini tidak menganalisis data wacana digital secara empirikal. Sebagai hasil sintesis konseptual, artikel ini menawarkan model awal literasi akidah digital yang merangkumi tabayyun istilah, rujukan autoriti, kefahaman konteks, adab penghukuman, penilaian mafsadah digital dan tafṣīl sebelum taḥkīm. Hasil sintesis konseptual ini menunjukkan bahawa potensi salah faham terhadap waḥdah al-wujūd dalam wacana digital boleh timbul bukan hanya daripada perbezaan tafsiran sufi dan fatwa, tetapi juga daripada ciri komunikasi agama digital yang cenderung meringkaskan, memviralkan dan mempolemikkan istilah metafizik tanpa konteks ilmu yang mencukupi. Dengan menggabungkan semantik istilah sufi, epistemologi Islam dan literasi akidah digital, artikel ini mencadangkan satu pendekatan analitikal awal bagi menilai isu akidah dan tasawuf dalam wacana digital secara lebih beradab, berautoriti dan seimbang.

SHARIAH COMPLIANCE PRACTICES IN MALAY TRADITIONAL MEDICINE: AN ANALYSIS OF HERBAL REMEDIES, MANTRAS AND THERAPEUTIC BELIEFS

Kamarul Azuan Shah Mohd Mashuti — 2026-10-30

Traditional Malay Medicine represents a valuable form of local wisdom that has developed through a combination of empirical experience, the use of natural substances, inherited healing practices and the influence of religious values within the Malay-Muslim community. However, the development of traditional healing practices has also raised Shariah-related concerns, particularly when they involve herbs with unclear status, mantras containing questionable elements and healing beliefs that may potentially deviate from the principles of Islamic creed. This article aims to analyse the Shariah compliance practices in Traditional Malay Medicine by focusing on three main elements, namely herbs, mantras and healing beliefs. This study employs a qualitative approach through conceptual analysis and document review of Shariah principles, Islamic medical ethics and the Malay medical tradition. The discussion finds that traditional healing practices should not be rejected in their entirety. Instead, they should be evaluated based on the principles of halal and tayyib, clarity of treatment methods, freedom from elements of shirk, superstition, deception and exploitation, as well as the absence of harm to patients. This article emphasises that Shariah boundaries function as a filtering mechanism to distinguish between traditional healing practices that are permissible forms of effort, those that are doubtful and those that contradict Islamic teachings. The implication of this article suggests the need to develop a more systematic Shariah-compliant guideline to assist practitioners, patients and relevant stakeholders in assessing the validity of Traditional Malay Medicine practices in a more authoritative and balanced manner.

Abstrak

Perubatan Tradisional Melayu merupakan khazanah kearifan tempatan yang berkembang melalui gabungan pengalaman empirikal, penggunaan bahan alam, petua warisan dan pengaruh nilai keagamaan masyarakat Melayu-Islam. Walau bagaimanapun, perkembangan amalan rawatan tradisional turut menimbulkan persoalan syariah khususnya apabila melibatkan penggunaan herba yang tidak jelas statusnya, lafaz mantera yang bercampur unsur meragukan, serta kepercayaan rawatan yang berpotensi menyimpang daripada prinsip akidah Islam. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis amalan Perubatan Tradisional Melayu patuh syariah dengan memberi tumpuan kepada tiga unsur utama iaitu herba, mantera dan kepercayaan rawatan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis konseptual dan sorotan dokumen terhadap prinsip syariah, etika rawatan Islam dan tradisi ilmu tib Melayu. Perbincangan mendapati bahawa amalan rawatan tradisional tidak boleh ditolak secara menyeluruh, sebaliknya perlu dinilai berdasarkan asas halal dan tayyib, kejelasan kaedah rawatan, bebas daripada unsur syirik, khurafat, penipuan, eksploitasi serta tidak mendatangkan mudarat kepada pesakit. Artikel ini menegaskan bahawa amalan patuh syariah berperanan sebagai mekanisme penapisan bagi membezakan antara rawatan tradisional yang bersifat ikhtiar, rawatan yang meragukan dan rawatan yang bercanggah dengan ajaran Islam. Implikasi artikel ini mencadangkan keperluan pembinaan panduan patuh syariah yang lebih sistematik bagi membantu pengamal, pesakit dan pihak berkepentingan menilai kesahihan amalan Perubatan Tradisional Melayu secara lebih berautoriti dan seimbang.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ LEARNING FINANCIAL NEEDS AND ZAKAT DISTRIBUTION MECHANISMS IN REGIONAL HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Fathiah Fathil — 2026-10-30

This study comparatively examines the educational financial needs of undergraduate students against the zakat distribution mechanisms in regional higher education institutions within today's increasingly challenging context. Students are currently faced with rising costs of financial necessities, which include tuition fees, digital requirements, reference materials, and learning equipment, indirectly affecting their academic performance and overall well-being. Within the framework of the Islamic economy, zakat functions as a wealth redistribution instrument that holds the potential to assist the asnaf group, including students in need of financial support. However, the effectiveness of its distribution becomes apparent only when executed through fair and transparent methods. This study adopts a qualitative approach utilizing document analysis and literature reviews, alongside a comparison of zakat distribution practices across selected higher education institutions in the region. It aims to compare students' educational financial costs with zakat distribution mechanisms in regional higher education institutions within the current context through selected institutions, as well as to compare the implementation of existing zakat distribution systems. Furthermore, it assesses the extent to which existing mechanisms can respond to the dynamic changes in educational needs. The findings indicate a mismatch between the increasingly complex financial needs of students and the zakat distribution structures, which remain conventional and less flexible. Procedural constraints, a lack of integrated data, and system variations between institutions emerge as key factors. Consequently, this study proposes improvements through the modernization of zakat management systems, the utilization of information technology, and system coordination at the regional level to ensure a more efficient, fair, and responsive distribution tailored to contemporary educational needs.

Abstrak

Penulisan ini mengkaji secara perbandingan keperluan kewangan pembelajaran mahasiswa dengan mekanisme agihan zakat di institusi pendidikan tinggi serantau dalam konteks semasa yang semakin mencabar. Mahasiswa kini berhadapan dengan peningkatan kos keperluan kewangan yang merangkumi antaranya yuran pengajian, keperluan digital, bahan rujukan serta peralatan pembelajaran yang secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi tahap pencapaian prestasi akademik dan kesejahteraan mereka. Dalam kerangka ekonomi Islam, zakat berfungsi sebagai instrumen agihan semula kekayaan yang berpotensi membantu golongan asnaf termasuk pelajar yang memerlukan sokongan kewangan. Keberkesanan agihannya hanya akan jelas tergambar apabila dilaksanakan melalui kaedah yang adil dan telus. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis dokumen dan sorotan literatur di samping perbandingan amalan agihan zakat di beberapa institusi pendidikan tinggi terpilih di rantau ini. Kajian ini bermatlamat membandingkan kos keperluan kewangan pembelajaran mahasiswa dengan mekanisme agihan zakat di institusi pendidikan tinggi serantau dalam konteks semasa menerusi institusi terpilih serta perbandingan pelaksanaan sistem agihan zakat sedia ada. Seterusnya menilai sejauh mana mekanisme sedia ada mampu bertindak balas terhadap perubahan keperluan pendidikan yang bersifat dinamik. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa terdapat ketidakpadanan antara keperluan kewangan mahasiswa yang semakin kompleks dengan struktur agihan zakat yang masih konvensional dan kurang fleksibel. Kekangan dari segi prosedur, kekurangan data bersepadu serta variasi sistem antara institusi menjadi antara faktor utama. Oleh itu, kajian ini mencadangkan penambahbaikan melalui pemodenan sistem pengurusan zakat, penggunaan teknologi maklumat serta penyelarasan sistem di peringkat serantau bagi memastikan agihan yang lebih efisien, adil dan responsif terhadap keperluan pendidikan masa kini.

LIABILITY STRUCTURE IN CRYPTO ASSET CUSTODIANSHIP: A CLASSICAL SHĀFIʿĪ FIQH ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT OF DHAMĀN IN THE BLOCKCHAIN ECOSYSTEM

Muhammad Syahrul Deen Ahmad Rosli — 2026-10-30

The rapid development of blockchain technology and cryptocurrency markets has introduced new forms of digital asset management that challenge traditional concepts of liability in financial systems. Although blockchain is commonly described as a decentralized ecosystem without intermediaries, in practice many digital assets are held through cryptocurrency exchanges that function as custodians by controlling customers’ private keys. This raises significant legal and Sharīʿah questions regarding liability for the loss of digital assets, particularly within the framework of fiqh muʿāmalāt, which emphasizes responsibility over property under one’s control. This study aims to examine the liability structure in blockchain asset custodianship through the concept of dhamān in the classical Shāfiʿī school of Islamic jurisprudence. The research adopts a qualitative approach using normative textual analysis of major classical works such as Nihāyat al-Maṭlab by Al-Juwaynī and al-Ḥāwī al-Kabīr by Al-Māwardī, alongside contemporary literature on fintech and digital asset governance. The analysis identifies several Shāfiʿī principles of dhamān related to negligence, unauthorized use of property, economic benefit, and allocation of risk between multiple parties. The findings indicate that many cryptocurrency platforms substantively operate under the characteristics of yad al-ḍamān, despite contractual attempts to disclaim responsibility for asset losses. The study argues that such structures may contradict Islamic legal principles linking control over property with liability for risk. Therefore, this research proposes a Sharīʿah-based liability framework that integrates digital asset control, economic benefit, and custodial responsibility within the blockchain ecosystem.

Abstrak

Perkembangan teknologi blockchain dan pasaran kripto telah mewujudkan bentuk baharu pengurusan aset digital yang mencabar kerangka tradisional tanggungjawab dalam sistem kewangan. Walaupun ekosistem blockchain sering digambarkan sebagai sistem kewangan teragih tanpa institusi perantara, realiti pasaran menunjukkan bahawa sebahagian besar aset digital disimpan melalui platform pertukaran yang bertindak sebagai kustodian dengan mengawal private keys pelanggan. Situasi ini menimbulkan persoalan penting berkaitan liabiliti terhadap kehilangan aset digital, khususnya dari perspektif fiqh muamalat yang menekankan tanggungjawab terhadap harta di bawah penguasaan seseorang pihak. Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis struktur liabiliti dalam penjagaan aset blockchain melalui kerangka konsep dhamān dalam fiqh mazhab Shāfiʿī. Kajian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berasaskan analisis normatif terhadap teks turath utama seperti Nihāyat al-Maṭlab karya Al-Juwaynī dan al-Hāwī al-Kabīr karya Al-Māwardī, di samping menggabungkan literatur kontemporari berkaitan fintech dan tadbir urus aset digital. Analisis mengenal pasti beberapa prinsip dhamān berkaitan kecuaian penjagaan harta, pelampauan penggunaan aset, hubungan antara manfaat ekonomi dan tanggungjawab risiko, serta pembahagian liabiliti apabila kerugian melibatkan lebih daripada satu pihak. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa banyak platform kripto beroperasi dalam keadaan yang secara substantif menyerupai yad al-ḍamān, walaupun secara kontraktual cuba menafikan tanggungjawab terhadap kehilangan aset pelanggan. Oleh itu, kajian ini mencadangkan kerangka liabiliti Syariah yang menghubungkan penguasaan aset digital dengan tanggungjawab terhadap keselamatan harta pelanggan.

TRANSFORMING POTENTIAL INTO LEADERSHIP TALENT AMONG MUALLAF: AN ANALYSIS BASED ON THE DIFFERENTIATED MODEL OF GIFTEDNESS AND TALENT (DMGT)

Mohamad Afandi Md Ismail — 2026-10-30

The development of leadership potential among new Muslim converts (muallaf) is a critical aspect of social integration and the empowerment of the Muslim community. While basic Islamic guidance is widely available, structured leadership modules for this group remain limited. This action research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a leadership talent development program based on the Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent (DMGT) framework among muallaf at the Baitussalam Complex, Selangor. The six-month program focused on two main components: public speaking and training as imams and muezzins. A total of 17 participants were involved through 10 intensive training sessions, evaluated using a mixed-methods approach (quantitative and qualitative). The findings indicate significant improvements in self-confidence, technical communication skills, and readiness to assume religious leadership roles. This study recommends that this structured training model be adopted as a reference for religious agencies to holistically strengthen the identity and integration of muallaf into society.

Abstrak

Pembangunan potensi kepimpinan dalam kalangan muallaf merupakan aspek kritikal bagi integrasi sosial dan pemerkasaan komuniti Muslim. Walaupun bimbingan asas Islam telah meluas, namun modul kepimpinan yang berstruktur bagi golongan ini masih terhad. Kajian tindakan ini bertujuan menilai keberkesanan program pembangunan bakat kepimpinan berasaskan kerangka Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent (DMGT) terhadap muallaf di Kompleks Baitussalam, Selangor. Program selama enam bulan ini memfokuskan kepada dua komponen utama iaitu pengucapan awam serta latihan sebagai imam dan bilal. Seramai 17 peserta terlibat melalui 10 sesi latihan intensif yang dinilai menggunakan kaedah campuran (kuantitatif dan kualitatif). Dapatan menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam aspek keyakinan diri, kemahiran komunikasi, dan kesediaan memikul peranan kepimpinan ibadah. Kajian ini mencadangkan agar model latihan berstruktur ini dijadikan rujukan dalam usaha memperkasa jati diri dan integrasi muallaf dalam masyarakat secara holistik.

AN ASSESSMENT OF BUY NOW PAY LATER (BNPL) BASED ON A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW: BETWEEN MASLAHAH AND MAFSADAH

Auni Sofiya Norhisam — 2026-10-30

The rapid growth of Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) usage among youths as an installment payment medium significantly impacts the spending patterns and financial management of Malaysian society. This study aims to analyze the elements of maslahah (benefit) and mafsadah (harm) inherent in BNPL usage based on the Maqasid Shariah framework. To achieve this objective, this study employs a qualitative methodology using content analysis on literature related to BNPL instruments, Islamic transaction principles (muamalat), and the framework of hifz al-mal (preservation of wealth). The findings indicate that BNPL offers maslahah when utilized prudently to fulfill urgent needs (hajiyyat), support cash flow, and facilitate user transactions. However, the instrument also embodies critical mafsadah when involving additional charges that resemble interest (riba), late payment penalties, contractual ambiguity (gharar), and the promotion of impulsive buying and extravagance. Evaluation under the hifz al-mal principle emphasizes that current BNPL practices do not fully align with Maqasid Shariah if these financially detrimental elements remain unregulated. The implications of this study suggest that BNPL instruments must be comprehensively restructured in accordance with transparent Shariah principles to ensure the preservation of consumer wealth while balancing the demands of contemporary digital financial markets.

Abstrak

Perkembangan pesat penggunaan Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) dalam kalangan golongan muda sebagai medium pembayaran ansuran kini memberi kesan ketara kepada corak perbelanjaan dan pengurusan kewangan masyarakat Malaysia. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis unsur maslahah (kemaslahatan) dan mafsadah (kemudaratan) yang wujud dalam penggunaan BNPL berdasarkan kerangka Maqasid Syariah. Bagi mencapai objektif tersebut, kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif melalui analisis kandungan terhadap literatur berkaitan instrumen BNPL, prinsip muamalat Islam, dan aplikasi hifz al-mal (pemeliharaan harta). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa BNPL mempunyai unsur maslahah apabila digunakan secara berhemah untuk memenuhi keperluan mendesak (hajiyyat), membantu aliran tunai, dan memudahkan urusan transaksi pengguna. Walau bagaimanapun, instrumen ini turut mengandungi unsur mafsadah yang kritikal apabila melibatkan caj tambahan yang menyerupai riba, penalti lewat bayar, ketidakjelasan kontrak (gharar), serta kecenderungan mendorong kepada pembelian impulsif dan pemborosan. Penilaian berasaskan prinsip hifz al-mal menegaskan bahawa pelaksanaan BNPL semasa tidak sepenuhnya menepati Maqasid Syariah sekiranya elemen-elemen yang memudaratkan kewangan pengguna ini tidak dikawal. Implikasi kajian mencadangkan agar instrumen BNPL distrukturkan semula secara tuntas mengikut prinsip syariah yang telus bagi memastikan kepentingan harta pengguna terpelihara sekali gus mengimbangi keperluan pasaran kewangan digital masa kini.

EMPOWERING THE UMMAH ECONOMY THROUGH THE ISLAMIC TOURISM INDUSTRY: A CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS BASED ON MAQASID AL-SHARIAH

Siti Nur Husna Abd Rahman — 2026-10-30

The Islamic tourism industry has increasingly emerged as a strategic sector capable of contributing to the sustainable empowerment of the ummah’s economy. In line with the growing demand for Muslim-friendly tourism services, a Maqasid al-Shariah-based approach is essential to ensure that the development of this industry is not solely profit-oriented, but also aligned with Shariah principles that emphasize holistic human well-being. This study aims to analyze the role of the Maqasid al-Shariah approach in empowering the ummah’s economy through the Islamic tourism industry. The study employs a qualitative method through document analysis of primary and secondary sources related to Islamic tourism, Islamic economics, and Maqasid al-Shariah. The findings reveal that the Islamic tourism industry contributes significantly to community economic development through employment opportunities, the growth of halal enterprises, local community development, and the strengthening of ethical and spiritual values in tourism activities. Furthermore, the Maqasid al-Shariah approach helps ensure a balance between economic development and the preservation of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and wealth within the Islamic tourism ecosystem. This study suggests that governments, industry players, and related institutions strengthen Islamic tourism guidelines based on Maqasid al-Shariah to ensure the sustainability of the industry and the holistic well-being of the ummah.

Abstrak

Industri pelancongan Islam semakin berkembang sebagai salah satu sektor strategik yang mampu menyumbang kepada pertumbuhan ekonomi ummah secara mampan. Selari dengan peningkatan permintaan terhadap perkhidmatan pelancongan mesra Muslim, pendekatan berasaskan Maqasid Syariah dilihat penting dalam memastikan pembangunan industri ini tidak hanya berorientasikan keuntungan semata-mata, malah menepati prinsip syariah yang menitikberatkan kesejahteraan manusia secara menyeluruh. Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis peranan pendekatan Maqasid Syariah dalam memperkasa ekonomi ummah melalui industri pelancongan Islam. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif melalui analisis dokumen terhadap sumber-sumber primer dan sekunder berkaitan pelancongan Islam, ekonomi Islam dan Maqasid Syariah. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa industri pelancongan Islam berupaya menyumbang kepada pembangunan ekonomi masyarakat melalui peluang pekerjaan, peningkatan perusahaan halal, pembangunan komuniti setempat serta pengukuhan nilai etika dan spiritual dalam aktiviti pelancongan. Selain itu, pendekatan Maqasid Syariah turut membantu memastikan keseimbangan antara pembangunan ekonomi, pemeliharaan agama, nyawa, akal, keturunan dan harta dalam ekosistem pelancongan Islam. Kajian ini mencadangkan agar pihak kerajaan, pengusaha industri dan institusi berkaitan memperkukuhkan garis panduan pelancongan Islam berasaskan Maqasid Syariah bagi menjamin kelestarian industri serta kesejahteraan ummah secara holistik.

ISLAMIC BANKING SOUNDNESS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN BAHRAIN: A SMALL-SAMPLE ANALYSIS

Amna Mohamed J Alfardan — 2026-10-30

This paper examines whether the financial soundness of Bahrain's Islamic banking sector is associated with the country's sustainable development outcomes, at the composite level and across its economic, social and environmental dimensions, using annual data from 2015 to 2024. A sector-level composite index of Islamic banking soundness is regressed on standardised composite and dimension-level development indices, controlling for the oil price, public debt and economic diversification, using ordinary least squares with permutation-based inference, leave-one-out analysis and a complete specification grid. Banking soundness is positively associated with the composite development index and, more strongly, with its environmental dimension, while no association is detected for the social or economic dimensions; both significant associations, however, depend materially on exclusion of the final sample year.

TEACHER GUIDANCE IN QUR'ANIC MEMORIZATION: PERSPECTIVES OF GRADUATED HUFFAZ FROM DARUL QUR'AN, JAKIM

Ossman Nordin — 2026-10-30

Teacher guidance plays a fundamental role in supporting students throughout the Qur'anic memorization process by providing instructional, technical, motivational, and spiritual guidance. However, limited empirical evidence is available regarding the specific forms of teacher guidance experienced by graduated huffaz during their memorization journey. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the teacher guidance practices experienced by graduated huffaz from Darul Qur'an, JAKIM. A quantitative descriptive research design was employed, involving 285 graduated huffaz selected through proportionate stratified random sampling from a population of 1,099 graduates. Data were collected using a self-developed questionnaire comprising eight items measuring the Teacher Guidance construct. The instrument underwent expert validation and demonstrated excellent reliability in the pilot study, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.96. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. The findings revealed that the overall level of teacher guidance was high (M = 3.99, SD = 0.98). Emotional and moral support (M = 4.21), personalised feedback on memorization accuracy and tajwid refinement (M = 4.13), and balancing revision of previously memorized verses with new memorization (M = 4.10) emerged as the most frequently experienced teacher guidance practices. These findings indicate that effective teacher guidance extends beyond technical instruction to include emotional encouragement, structured revision planning, and continuous motivational support throughout the memorization process. The study concludes that comprehensive teacher guidance is essential for strengthening memorization quality and sustaining hafazan, while providing practical implications for tahfiz educators and institutions in enhancing teacher-guided practices that support effective and sustainable Qur'anic memorization.

THE RHETORIC OF OMISSION AND MENTION IN LIGHT OF THE THEORY OF NAZM BY ʿABD AL-QĀHIR AL-JURJĀNĪ

Muhammad Nur Afiq Aiman Md. Noraffendie — 2026-10-30

One of the prominent issues in the I’Jaz Quran within Arabic rhetoric is the stylistic of omission and mention. However, this study explores how ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī addressed his approach through the Theory of Naẓm, which he developed to uncover the meanings and rhetorical secrets embedded within Arabic texts. The research reveals that this stylistic frequently observed in the Qur’an plays a critical role in shaping meaning in a way that aligns with the context and purpose of the discourse. In the Arabic rhetorical tradition, omission or mention of words in a text occurs not arbitrarily, but for specific rhetorical purposes which is driven by the situational and textual context. This study adopts a descriptive-analytical method, explaining the concept of omission and mention based on ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī’s theory as outlined in his work Dalā’il al-Iʿjāz. It also conducts an inductive analysis of selected Qur’anic verses where this stylistic feature is evident, aiming to uncover its rhetorical secrets. The Interpretations are supported by Ṣafwat al-Tafāsīr by al-Ṣābūnī to ensure a clear understanding of the verse meanings. The study concludes with several significant findings of ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī’s distinctive approach, including patterns such as the omission of the subject (mubtadaʾ), doer (fāʿil), object (mafʿūl bihi), and omission reference on the condition of interpretation (al-iḍmār ʿalā sharīṭat al-tafsīr). A highlighted verse employing mention especially the verb شاء(mashīʾah) illustrates ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī’s view that mention can signify extraordinary matters. The study concludes by emphasizing the value of revisiting Qur’anic texts through the naẓm perspective, especially in future rhetorical studies.

Abstract

ومن أبرز ما تناولته قضايا الإعجاز القرآني في البلاغة العربية هو أسلوب الحذف والذكر. وهذا البحث يهدف إلى تناول ما وضعه عبد القاهر الجرجاني في ضوء نظرية النظم عن الحذف والذكر التي اشتهر بها في الكشف عن الدلالات أو الأسرار التي تكمن وراء النصوص القرآنية. ويتبين للناظر المتأمل في هذا الأسلوب الذي يتجلى كثيرا ما في القرآن الكريم، أن له دورا عظيما ومكانة عالية في بناء المعنى وتأديته على وجه ما ينطبق بسياق الخطاب وحاله. وبعبارة أخرى، فإن الشيء في النص العربي لا يحذف ويذكر إلا لسر بلاغي بما يقتضيه المقام والسياق. ومن أجل الوصول إلى الفائدة، يعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، إذ يصف أولا مفهومي الحذف والذكر في ضوء نظرية النظم كما بسطها عبد القاهر الجرجاني في كتابه دلائل الإعجاز، ثم يستقرئ نماذج قرآنية مختارة اختيرت بحيث تمثل الأنماط الأربعة التي حددها عبد القاهر الجرجاني، محللا إياها وفق ثلاث خطوات وهي تحديد موضع الحذف أو الذكر، فبيان معناه الإجمالي بالاستعانة بكتاب صفوة التفاسير للصابوني، فتحليله في ضوء معايير نظرية النظم للكشف عن سره البلاغي. ويلخص البحث نتائج رائعة حيث تفرد عبد القاهر الجرجاني في عرض نظريته على أساس توخي معاني النحو. وإضافة إلى ذلك، يتبين عرضه لأنماط هذا الأسلوب بصورة فريدة غير ما سلكه اللغويون الآخرون وهي حذف المبتدأ، وحذف الفاعل، وحذف المفعول به، والإضمار على شريطة التفسير. وفضلا عن ذلك، أظهر البحث آية قرآنية يتضمن أسلوب الذكر خصوصا ما يوظف فعل المشيئة تؤكد نظرية عبد القاهر الجرجاني بحيث يذكر مفعول به لأمر عظيم وعجيب خارق للعادة. وفي نهاية المطاف، يلخص البحث بأهمية إعادة قراءة النص القرآني برؤية نظمية في ضوء نظرية النظم عند عبد القاهر الجرجاني في دراسات مستقبلية ولا سيما البلاغة القرآنية.