al-Qanatir: International Journal of Islamic Studies

PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE USE OF EXPERT OPINION EVIDENCE UNDER ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE AND THE MALAYSIAN SYARIAH COURT LEGAL FRAMEWORK

Mohd Sabree Nasri — 2026-09-29

Expert opinion evidence has become an increasingly important mode of proof in judicial proceedings, particularly in cases involving specialised knowledge or technical expertise. Although the Syariah Court Evidence Enactments provide for the admissibility of expert opinion evidence, no study has systematically identified and compared the principles governing its use from the perspectives of Islamic jurisprudence and Malaysian Syariah court law. Accordingly, this article aims to analyse the principles governing the use of expert opinion evidence under these two legal sources. This study adopts a qualitative approach using a doctrinal legal research design. Data were collected through library research and analysed using content analysis and comparative analysis of Islamic legal sources, statutory provisions, practice directions, judicial decisions, and relevant academic literature. The findings identify five fundamental principles under Islamic jurisprudence and five corresponding principles under Malaysian Syariah court law. The analysis further reveals that while both systems share a common objective of ensuring the proper use of expert opinion evidence, they differ in their substantive and procedural approaches. This study contributes by systematically synthesising these principles into a coherent analytical framework, thereby providing a useful reference for strengthening evidential practices and the application of expert opinion evidence in the Malaysian Syariah Courts.

Abstrak

Keterangan pendapat pakar merupakan salah satu kaedah pembuktian yang semakin penting dalam sistem kehakiman, khususnya bagi menyelesaikan isu-isu yang melibatkan pengetahuan atau kemahiran khusus. Walaupun Enakmen Keterangan Mahkamah Syariah memperuntukkan penerimaan keterangan pendapat pakar, masih belum terdapat kajian yang menghimpunkan dan membandingkan secara sistematik prinsip-prinsip pemakaiannya menurut fiqh Islam dan perundangan Mahkamah Syariah Malaysia. Justeru, artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis prinsip-prinsip pemakaian keterangan pendapat pakar menurut kedua-dua sumber tersebut. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui reka bentuk kajian doktrinal dengan kaedah kajian kepustakaan, analisis kandungan dan analisis perbandingan terhadap sumber-sumber fiqh, peruntukan undang-undang, arahan amalan, keputusan mahkamah dan penulisan akademik yang berkaitan. Dapatan kajian mengenal pasti lima prinsip utama menurut fiqh Islam dan lima prinsip utama menurut perundangan Mahkamah Syariah Malaysia. Analisis turut menunjukkan bahawa kedua-dua sistem mempunyai persamaan dari segi matlamat, namun berbeza dari sudut pendekatan substantif dan prosedural dalam pemakaian keterangan pendapat pakar. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada penghimpunan dan sintesis prinsip-prinsip tersebut secara sistematik sebagai rujukan dalam memperkukuh amalan pembuktian serta pemakaian keterangan pendapat pakar di Mahkamah Syariah Malaysia.

PERCEPTIONS OF SECOND-YEAR ARABIC COMMUNICATION STUDENTS TOWARDS THE USE OF ARABIC POETRY IN ARABIC LANGUAGE LEARNING

Aida Hayati Mohd Sanadi — 2026-09-29

This study aims to analyse the perceptions of second-year Arabic Communication students towards the use of Arabic poetry in Arabic language learning. A quantitative survey approach was employed using a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire that was reviewed by experts in Arabic language teaching to ensure content validity. The instrument also demonstrated excellent reliability, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.938. A total of 103 second-year students enrolled in the Bachelor of Arabic Communication (SMBAK) programme at the Faculty of Major Language Studies, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), participated in the study. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics to identify students' perceptions of the use of Arabic poetry in Arabic language learning. The findings indicate that the respondents held positive perceptions towards the use of Arabic poetry as a learning medium and perceived it as having the potential to enrich vocabulary, enhance language awareness, and foster appreciation of the aesthetic beauty of the Arabic language. The study recommends that Arabic poetry be integrated systematically and contextually into Arabic language instruction to support more meaningful learning experiences for non-native learners.

Abstrak

Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis persepsi pelajar tahun dua Sarjana Muda Bahasa Arab Komunikasi (SMBAK) terhadap penggunaan puisi Arab dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Arab. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui kaedah tinjauan dengan instrumen soal selidik berskala Likert lima mata yang telah disemak oleh pakar dalam bidang pengajaran bahasa Arab untuk memastikan kesahihan kandungan. Instrumen kajian turut menunjukkan tahap kebolehpercayaan yang sangat tinggi (Cronbach's alpha = 0.938). Seramai 103 orang pelajar Sarjana Muda Bahasa Arab Komunikasi (SMBAK) tahun dua di Fakulti Pengajian Bahasa Utama, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) terlibat sebagai responden. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif bagi mengenal pasti kecenderungan persepsi pelajar terhadap aspek kefahaman, minat, kesukaran dan sumbangan puisi Arab dalam penguasaan bahasa Arab. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa responden mempunyai persepsi positif terhadap penggunaan puisi Arab dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab dengan nilai min keseluruhan 3.94. Item yang memperoleh min tertinggi ialah “Puisi Arab membantu memperkayakan kosa kata bahasa Arab” (M = 4.06), menunjukkan bahawa pelajar melihat puisi Arab sebagai bahan pembelajaran yang berpotensi menyokong perkembangan penguasaan bahasa Arab. Kajian ini mencadangkan agar puisi Arab terus dimanfaatkan secara terancang dan kontekstual dalam pengajaran bahasa Arab bagi meningkatkan keberkesanan pembelajaran dalam kalangan pelajar bukan penutur jati.

INTEGRATION OF THE AL-MILKIYYAH CONCEPT IN CRYPTO ASSET INHERITANCE TO EMPOWER DIGITAL WEALTH MANAGEMENT

Nur Aishaturradhiah Mohd Hanip — 2026-09-29

The evolution of financial technology has expanded the definition of physical property ownership to encompass digital property ownership, such as crypto assets. However, their lack of physical form has sparked new polemics within the framework of Islamic law. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the concept of al-Milkiyyah concerning these intangible assets and evaluate its application in crypto asset inheritance to reinforce their position as valid estate property. A qualitative methodology is applied in this study through doctrinal and exploratory analyses. The findings reveal that crypto assets fulfil the criteria of valuable property (mal al-Mutaqawwam) according to Shariah. The exclusive access capability through private key and digital wallet address reflects the legitimacy of ownership rights over these assets. Furthermore, the official recognition by the Securities Commission Malaysia mandates that the management of crypto assets be subject to the faraid distribution framework upon the owner's demise. The study finds that the inheritance status of crypto assets depends not only on their recognition as property but is also determined by the form of custodianship, contractual rights, and technical control over the assets. The possession of a private key can serve as an indicator of qabd and the power of tasarruf, but it is not necessarily the sole proof of ownership. In custodial holdings, user rights must be determined based on the contractual structure and platform procedures. Hence, personal wealth management in the digital era necessitates the adaptation of systematic inheritance planning instruments to ensure that the transition of digital estates can be executed seamlessly and in a Shariah-compliant manner.

Abstrak

Evolusi teknologi kewangan telah memperluas takrifan pemilikan harta fizikal untuk merangkumi pemilikan harta digital, seperti aset kripto. Namun, ketiadaan bentuk fizikalnya mencetuskan polemik baharu dalam kerangka hukum Islam. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis konsep al-Milkiyyah terhadap aset tidak ketara ini dan menilai pengaplikasiannya dalam pewarisan aset kripto bagi memperkukuh kedudukannya sebagai harta pusaka yang sah. Kaedah kualitatif diaplikasikan dalam kajian ini menerusi analisis doktrinal dan eksploratori. Kajian mendapati bahawa aset kripto menepati piawaian harta bernilai (mal al-Mutaqawwam) menurut syarak. Keupayaan akses secara eksklusif melalui kunci persendirian dan alamat dompet digital mencerminkan keabsahan hak pemilikan ke atas aset tersebut. Selain itu, pengiktirafan rasmi Suruhanjaya Sekuriti Malaysia turut meletakkan pengurusan aset kripto wajib tertakluk di bawah kerangka pembahagian faraid selepas kematian pemilik aset. Kajian mendapati bahawa status pewarisan aset kripto tidak hanya bergantung pada pengiktirafannya sebagai harta, tetapi turut ditentukan oleh bentuk kustodian, hak kontraktual dan kawalan teknikal terhadap aset. Penguasaan kunci persendirian boleh menjadi petunjuk qabd dan kuasa tasarruf, tetapi tidak semestinya menjadi bukti tunggal pemilikan. Dalam pegangan kustodian, hak pengguna perlu ditentukan berdasarkan struktur kontrak dan prosedur platform. Justeru, pengurusan kekayaan peribadi di era digital menuntut pengadaptasian instrumen perancangan pewarisan bersistematik bagi menjamin peralihan pusaka digital dapat dilaksanakan dengan tuntas dan patuh syariah.

DE-INKING AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR THE SANCTIFICATION OF QURANIC TEXTS: AN ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVES ON MAQASID SYARIAH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN MALAYSIA

Imaaduddin Abdul Halim — 2026-09-29

The management of damaged or unused Quranic texts requires an approach that balances the obligation of preserving the sanctity of the Quran with environmental sustainability needs. While the traditional method of incineration used for disposing of Quranic texts has a firm foundation in Islamic jurisprudence, it raises concerns regarding resource depletion and waste management. In light of this, de-inking technology emerges as a potential alternative capable of shifting the disposal paradigm from material destruction to resource recovery. This study aims to analyze the implementation of de-inking technology as an alternative method for sanctifying Quranic texts from the perspective of industry players, focusing on Maqasid Shariah, environmental sustainability and industrial feasibility in Malaysia. This study adopts a qualitative approach using a case study design. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with an expert informant selected via purposive sampling, who represents the pioneer company operating de-inking technology in Malaysia. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal four main themes. The transformation of sanctification through de-inking technology, environmental sustainability and resource recovery, Maqasid Shariah, governance and standardization, also industrial challenges alongside ecosystem development. The results demonstrate that de-inking technology has the potential to support the sanctification of Quranic texts by detaching ink elements and recovering paper fibers while minimizing resource waste. However, its implementation faces ongoing challenges related to waste management, processing capacity, technological costs, financing, standardization and governance. The study concludes that de-inking can form an integrated sanctification framework aligning Shariah requirements, environmental sustainability and industrial viability, though its scaling requires structured collaboration among industry players, religious authorities, and relevant agencies

Abstrak

Pengurusan naskhah al-Quran yang rosak atau tidak lagi digunakan memerlukan pendekatan yang dapat menyeimbangkan tuntutan pemuliaan al-Quran dengan keperluan kelestarian alam sekitar. Kaedah pembakaran yang lazim digunakan dalam pelupusan naskhah al-Quran mempunyai asas dalam perbahasan hukum namun pendekatan tersebut turut menimbulkan persoalan berkaitan kehilangan sumber dan pengurusan sisa. Sehubungan itu, teknologi de-inking dilihat sebagai salah satu alternatif yang berpotensi mengubah pendekatan pelupusan daripada pemusnahan bahan kepada pemulihan sumber. Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis pelaksanaan teknologi de-inking sebagai alternatif pemuliaan naskhah al-Quran berdasarkan perspektif pemain industri dengan memberi perhatian kepada aspek Maqasid Syariah, kelestarian alam sekitar dan kebolehlaksanaan industri di Malaysia.

Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui reka bentuk kajian kes. Data diperoleh menerusi temu bual separa berstruktur bersama seorang informan pakar yang dipilih secara persampelan bertujuan (purposive sampling) iaitu syarikat perintis pengoperasi teknologi de-inking di Malaysia. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik. Dapatan kajian mengenal pasti empat tema utama iaitu transformasi pemuliaan dan teknologi de-inking, kelestarian alam sekitar dan pemulihan sumber, Maqasid Syariah, tadbir urus dan standardisasi serta cabaran industri dan pembentukan ekosistem de-inking. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa teknologi de-inking berpotensi menyokong pemuliaan naskhah al-Quran melalui pemisahan unsur tulisan dan pemulihan gentian kertas di samping mengurangkan pembaziran sumber. Walau bagaimanapun, pelaksanaannya masih berhadapan dengan cabaran berkaitan pengurusan sisa, kapasiti pemprosesan, kos teknologi, pembiayaan, standardisasi dan tadbir urus. Kajian merumuskan bahawa de-inking berpotensi membentuk pendekatan pemuliaan yang mengintegrasikan tuntutan syariah, kelestarian alam sekitar dan kebolehlaksanaan industri namun pengembangannya memerlukan kerjasama antara industri, institusi agama dan agensi berkaitan.

NEGLIGENCE IN CHILDCARE AT TASKA: AN ANALYSIS OF MANAGEMENT, CAREGIVER AND WORK-RELATED STRESS FACTORS FROM A SHARIAH PERSPECTIVE

Nurul Irdawani Mahadzar — 2026-09-29

Neglect and negligence in the care of children in childcare centres (taska) are issues that have gained attention among society, particularly those involving the safety and welfare of children. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors contributing to negligence in the care of children in childcare centres as well as to analyse these factors from the perspective of Shariah. This study employs a qualitative methodological approach using secondary data collection methods from relevant books, journals, articles, and previous studies. The findings show that unregistered childcare centres, selection of caregivers, and work-related stress are among the main factors contributing to neglect and negligence in childcare. These factors are closely related to the Shariah perspective, namely the concepts of trust (amanah), preservation of life (hifz al-nafs), and responsibility in safeguarding the welfare of children. Therefore, all parties involved must play their respective roles in ensuring that the safety and welfare of children are always protected.

Abstrak

Pengabaian dan kecuaian di taska merupakan isu yang semakin mendapat perhatian dalam kalangan masyarakat, terutamanya yang melibatkan keselamatan dan kebajikan kanak-kanak yang diletakkan di bawah jagaan pengasuh. Kes-kes kecuaian terhadap kanak-kanak sehingga menyebabkan kematian di taska semakin hari semakin banyak dipaparkan di akhbar-akhbar dan secara dalam talian. Ini menunjukkan bahawa wujudnya kelemahan dalam pelaksanaan prosedur keselamatan, pengawasan dan tahap profesionalisme pengasuh. Justeru itu, kajian ini dilakukan bagi mengkaji kecuaian dalam penjagaan kanak-kanak di taman asuhan pada masa kini. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah metodologi kualitatif dengan memanfaatkan data sekunder iaitu melalui buku, jurnal, artikel dan kajian-kajian lepas. Hasil dapatan kajian ini mendapati bahawa taska tidak berdaftar, tekanan kerja, pemilihan pengasuh adalah faktor yang mempengaruhi kecuaian.

MICROFINANCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION INSIGHTS JAIZ BANK CUSTOMERS IN SOKOTO STATE, NIGERIA

Abdullahi Isah — 2026-09-29

The purpose of this paper is to explore and examine Islamic microfinance on sustainable development and poverty alleviation in Nigeria, insight customers of Jaiz bank. The paper adopts a qualitative approach using the customers of Jaiz bank with semi-structured interviews and purposive sampling method for the substantial of Islamic microfinance and poverty alleviation in Nigeria. Islamic microfinance is analytically applied in capacity building and entrepreneurial development of the poor in the society. Apparently, this will go a long way in reducing the rate of unemployment which is in higher rate, by creating and empowering potential of the rural communities and low-income segment in the Society. The paper differs from previous studies on poverty alleviation and sustainable development in Nigerian sub-Saharan African countries for which research in Islamic microfinance and sustainable development is sparse. The paper is unique in analysing how Islamic microfinance emerged as a tool of poverty alleviation. The study concludes that adapting this procedure of financing will go a long way to solve the challenges of poverty facing by so many households, and enhancing the economic growth and Sustainable development in the society.

Keywords: Poverty alleviation, microfinance, Sustainable Development, Jaiz bank,

Paper type: Research paper

APPLICATION OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY IN THE INTERPRETATION OF ASTRONOMICAL HADITH: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY

Mesbahul Hoque — 2026-09-29

Astronomical Hadith, which include Prophetic traditions related to celestial phenomena such as moon sighting, prayer times, eclipses, and the determination of the qiblah, remain highly relevant in contemporary Islamic studies. However, many classical interpretations of these narrations were developed within historical contexts that lacked access to modern scientific instruments and digital technologies. This has created challenges in addressing present-day issues such as differences in lunar calendar determinations, inconsistencies in moon sighting practices, and limited integration between traditional Hadith scholarship and modern astronomical knowledge. Therefore, a renewed analytical framework is needed to reinterpret astronomical Hadith through contemporary technological advancements. This study aims to examine the interpretation of astronomical Hadith through modern technology and to evaluate how scientific tools can contribute to a more accurate and contextual understanding of these traditions. Specifically, the study seeks to identify the major themes of astronomical Hadith, analyse their classical and contemporary interpretations, and assess the role of modern technology in enhancing their practical application. The research employs a qualitative library-based methodology using an analytical and interdisciplinary approach. Primary sources include canonical Hadith collections and classical commentaries, while secondary sources consist of recent scholarly articles in Islamic studies, astronomy, and digital technology. Data are analysed through content analysis and comparative interpretation between traditional scholarship and modern scientific findings. The study finds that modern technologies such as telescopes, satellite imaging, astronomical software, geographic positioning systems, and artificial intelligence offer valuable support in understanding and applying astronomical Hadith. These tools can improve precision in lunar observation, prayer time calculation, and qiblah determination while preserving the textual authority of Hadith. The study concludes that constructive integration between Hadith scholarship and modern technology can provide a balanced and practical framework for addressing contemporary astronomical issues in the Muslim world.

THE SULŪK DIMENSION OF THE IBĀḌĪ SCHOOL IN OMANI RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIAS (THE FIFTH AND SIXTH CENTURIES AH AS A MODEL)

Iman Mohammed Amur Al Rujaibi — 2026-09-29

Omani religious encyclopedias constitute a rich intellectual heritage encompassing a wide spectrum of Islamic sciences. Among their foundational components is the Sulūk (spiritual path) dimension, which occupies an integral place within their epistemological framework. Their concern extends beyond the exposition of legal rulings (aḥkām fiqhiyyah) and the articulation of theological doctrines (ʿaqīdah), embracing instead a comprehensive ethical and spiritual orientation that they conceive as a faith-based path of moral and spiritual purification. This dimension is manifested in their treatment of moral virtues, the ethics of social conduct, the purification of the soul (tazkiyat al-nafs), and the cultivation of a disciplined relationship between the individual, God, and fellow human beings. The significance of this study lies in its attempt to explore the depths of the Sulūk dimension in the Ibāḍī school through Omani religious encyclopedias. The study adopted the inductive method by surveying a number of Omani religious encyclopedias from the fifth and sixth Hijri centuries that addressed the Sulūk dimension within their various chapters. It also employed the analytical method through analyzing the reported opinions and statements in order to identify the characteristics and features of the Sulūk dimension, as well as the impact of the theological and intellectual framework on the formation of the Sulūk dimension in the Ibāḍī school, as reflected in the Omani religious encyclopedias under examination. The study reveals that during the fifth and sixth Hijri centuries the Sulūk dimension in the Ibāḍī school, focused on its practical aspect in a manner consistent with their doctrinal orientation and religious-intellectual path.

ملخص البحث

تمثل الموسوعات الشرعية العمانية تراثا علميا غنيا بأصناف العلوم والمعارف المتنوعة، ويُعَدّ البعد السلوكي من المكوّنات الأصيلة في البناء المعرفي لهذه الموسوعات الشرعية، إذ لم يقتصر اهتمامها على بيان الأحكام الفقهية أو تقرير القضايا العقدية، بل تجاوز ذلك إلى العناية بالبعد السلوكي الذي يمثل عندهم منهجا تطهريا إيمانيا. ويتجلّى هذا البعد في معالجة موضوعات الأخلاق، وآداب المعاملات، وتزكية النفس، وضبط علاقة الإنسان بربه وبالناس من حوله. وتكمن أهمية الدراسة في أنها محاولة لسبر أغوار البعد السلوكي في المذهب الإباضي من خلال الموسوعات الشرعية العمانية. وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الاستقرائي، وذلك باستقراء عدد من الموسوعات الشرعية العمانية في القرنين الخامس والسادس الهجريين التي تناولت البعد السلوكي من ضمن أبوابها المختلفة، والمنهج التحليلي، وذلك بتحليل الآراء والأقوال الواردة؛ لبيان خصائص وسمات البعد السلوكي، وأثر المنظومة العقدية والفكرية على تشكل البعد السلوكي في المذهب الإباضي كما ورد في الموسوعات الشرعية العمانية محل الدراسة. وخلصت الدراسة إلى أن التجربة الإباضية قد تجاوزت السلوكيات لتتوافق مع مضامين التصوف الإسلامي المعتدل ودلالاته، وأنهم مع ذلك قد عنوا في دراساتهم ومصنفاتهم التركيز على الجانب العملي منه بما يتوافق مع مذهبهم ومسارهم الديني والفكري

MORPHOLOGICAL FORMS IN QURANIC REPROOF: A FUNCTIONAL RHETORICAL STUDY

Hossam Ataallah Elsaeid Ataallah — 2026-09-29

This study aims to elucidate the concept of Quranic reproof (Admonition), identify its diverse contexts, and reveal the nuances behind the selection of past, present, and active participle forms within this style in the Holy Qur'an, illustrating how the Quranic eloquence employs them across various settings. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, tracing the verses of reproof, categorizing their contexts, and analyzing the occurrences of these morphological forms in light of Abdul-Qahir al-Jurjani’s Theory of Systems (Nazm), highlighting the aesthetic brilliance of Quranic expression. The study reaches several key conclusions, most notably that Quranic reproof is a manifestation of Allah’s kindness and benevolence toward the believers; He Glorified be He admonishes them for their lapses to overlook their faults and elevate their ranks. The research identifies four primary contexts of reproof: Allah’s admonition of former prophets, His admonition of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), the admonition of the Mothers of the Believers, and the admonition of the Companions. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the choice of past tense, present tense, and active participle forms is intricately linked to the context: the past tense highlights and recalls the event prompting the reproof, the present tense visualizes and summons the event into the present, while the active participle establishes and affirms the matter. Quranic reproof follows a gentle path that penetrates the depths of the soul, masterfully balancing between censure and reprimand, and consolation and kindness.

ملخص البحث

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى بيان مفهوم العتاب القرآني، وتحديد مقاماته المتنوعة، والكشف عن بعض أسرار اختيار صيغ الفعل الماضي والمضارع واسم الفاعل في أسلوب العتاب في القرآن الكريم، وكيف وظفها البيان القرآني في السياقات المختلفة.وقد اتبعت هذه الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي حيث تتبعت الدراسة آيات العتاب، وصنفت سياقاتها، وجمعت مواضع هذه الصيغ وحللتها في سياقاتها مبرزة جماليات التعبير القرآني في اختيار صيغة معينة، واعتمدت في ذلك رؤية نظرية النظم لدى عبدالقاهر الجرجاني.وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج من أهمها أن العتاب القرآني مظهر من مظاهر لطف الله بعباده المؤمنين، وإحسانه إليهم، فهو- سبحانه- يعاتبهم على ما بدر منهم، ليقيل عثرتهم ويرفع درجتهم، وأن مقامات العتاب في القرآن الكريم أربع مقامات أساسية، هي عتاب الله تعالى للأنبياء السابقين، وعتاب الله تعالى لنبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم، وعتاب أمهات المؤمنين، وعتاب الصحابة، وأثبتت الدرسة أن اختيار صيغ الماضي والمضارع واسم الفاعل في أسلوب العتاب، يرتبط بمناسبة الصيغة للسياق. فيوظف صيغة الفعل الماضي في اللفت إلى الحدث المقتضي العتاب واستذكاره، وصيغة المضارع في معاينة الحدث واستحضاره، كما يوظف صيغة اسم الفاعل في إثبات الأمر وإقراره، ويسلك العتاب القرآني مسلكاً لطيفاً ينفذ به إلى أعماق النفوس، يجمع بين الإنكار والتعنيف، والتسلية والتلطيف.

THE CONCEPT OF JUSTICE, FREEDOM, AND EQUALITY IN POLITICAL TERMINOLOGY BETWEEN ISLAM AND THE WEST: A COMPARATIVE ANALYTICAL STUDY

Md Abul Hasan Jarjis — 2026-09-29

This study aims to provide a critical comparative analysis of the concept of justice in political terminology between Islam and the West, as it is not merely a passing lexical overlap, but rather reflects a radical epistemological divergence regarding foundational references and practical outcomes. The paper highlights the phenomenon of the erroneous adaptation of concepts and the attempts to project these terms onto the Islamic deliberative and political sphere. This random importation constitutes a conceptual rupture with legislative fundamentals, generating a state of intellectual bewilderment among Muslims. The study relies on a methodology that combines a critical structural analysis of terminology with a comparative approach between foundational Islamic texts and major Western political philosophy theses. The study reaches several findings, most notably: justice, freedom, and equality in Islam are founded on divine revelation and the principle of equity regulated by the objectives of Sharia. In contrast, in modern Western thought, they are based on individualism and material equality detached from religion, which produces practical contradictions that destroy human nature. The study also concludes that the distorted understanding of justice and equality amounts to a conceptual invasion that lays the groundwork for attempts to dismantle and destroy the collective and societal identity of the nation. Thus, it not only represents an academic problem but also fundamentally undermines any prospect of building a contemporary and independent Islamic political theory.

ملخص البحث

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقديم وصف تحليلي نقدي مقارن للمفهوم المقارن للعدالة في المصطلحات السياسية بين الإسلام والغرب، حيث إنه ليس مجرد اشتراك لفظي عابر، بل يعكس تبايناً معرفياً جذرياً يتعلق بالمرجعيات التأسيسية والمآلات التطبيقية. وتسلط الورقة الضوء على ظاهرة التكييف المغلوط للمفاهيم، ومحاولة إطلاق تلك المصطلحات وإسقاطها على المجال التداولي والسياسي الإسلامي. ويشكل هذا الاستيراد العشوائي قطيعة مفاهيمية مع الأصول التشريعية، مما يولد حالة من التيه الفكري لدى المسلمين. وتعتمد الدراسة على منهجية تجمع بين الوصف والتحليل النقدي لبنية المصطلح، والمنهج المقارن بين النصوص التأسيسية الإسلامية، وأطروحات الفلسفة السياسية الغربية الكبرى. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى بعض النتائج من أهمها: أن العدالة والحرية والمساواة والحرية تتأسس في الإسلام على الوحي ومبدأ الإنصاف المنضبط بمقاصد الشريعة، وترتكز في الفكر الغربي الحديث على النزعة الفردية والمساواة المادية المنفصلة عن الدّين، والتي تفرز تناقضات واقعية تهدم الفطرة البشرية. كما تخلص الدراسة إلى أن الفهم المشوه للعدالة والمساواة يرقى إلى مستوى الغزو المفاهيمي الذي يؤسس لمحاولات تفكيك وهدم الهوية الجمعية للأمة، والمجتمعية. وبذلك، فهو لا يمثل إشكالية أكاديمية فحسب، بل يقوّض بشكل أساسي أي إمكانية لبناء نظرية سياسية إسلامية معاصرة ومستقلة.