al-Qanatir: International Journal of Islamic Studies

ISLAMIC EDUCATION TEACHERS’ TEACHING PRACTICES AS PREDICTORS OF PRAYER INTERNALISATION AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS: A REGRESSION ANALYSIS

Norsuhaila Musa, Fatmawati Latada, Mohamad Hilmi Mat Said — Tue, 26 May 2026 00:00:00 +0800

This study aims to examine the role of Islamic Education teachers’ teaching practices as predictors of students’ prayer appreciation among primary school pupils. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey design was employed, involving 498 students. A structured questionnaire was used to measure teaching practices and students’ prayer appreciation. Data were analysed using the Multivariate General Linear Model (GLM). The findings indicate that the regression models were significant across all dimensions of prayer appreciation, including basic knowledge (F(4,493) = 60.765, p < 0.001, R² = 0.330), mastery (F = 40.154, p < 0.001, R² = 0.246), practice (F = 22.215, p < 0.001, R² = 0.153), and moral outcomes (F = 42.732, p < 0.001, R² = 0.257). Teacher personality emerged as the most dominant predictor across all dimensions (B = 0.154–0.351, p < 0.001), followed by teaching implementation, which significantly influenced knowledge and moral outcomes. This study highlights the critical role of teacher personality in fostering holistic religious practice among students. The findings suggest that teacher professional development should emphasise character building and integrated pedagogical competencies.

Abstrak

Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti peranan amalan pengajaran guru Pendidikan Islam sebagai peramal terhadap tahap penghayatan solat dalam kalangan murid sekolah rendah. Kajian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan reka bentuk tinjauan keratan rentas yang melibatkan seramai 498 orang murid. Instrumen soal selidik berstruktur digunakan untuk mengukur amalan pengajaran guru dan penghayatan solat murid. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis Mutivariate General Linear Model (GLM). Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa model regresi adalah signifikan bagi semua dimensi penghayatan solat, termasuk pengetahuan asas (F(4,493) = 60.765, p < 0.001, R² = 0.330), penguasaan (F = 40.154, p < 0.001, R² = 0.246), pengamalan (F = 22.215, p < 0.001, R² = 0.153) dan pembentukan akhlak (F = 42.732, p < 0.001, R² = 0.257). Keperibadian guru dikenal pasti sebagai peramal paling dominan yang mempengaruhi semua dimensi penghayatan solat (B = 0.154–0.351, p < 0.001), diikuti oleh pelaksanaan pengajaran yang signifikan dalam aspek pengetahuan dan akhlak. Kajian ini menegaskan kepentingan dimensi keperibadian guru dan pelaksanaan pengajaran sebagai elemen kritikal dalam membentuk penghayatan ibadah murid secara holistik. Implikasi kajian mencadangkan agar pembangunan profesional guru memberi penekanan kepada pembinaan sahsiah dan pengukuhan kompetensi pedagogi secara bersepadu.

INTEGRATION OF MAQASID SYARIAH IN AESTHETIC TREATMENT APPLICATIONS

Farrah Payyadhah Borhan, Ahmad Syukran Baharuddin — Tue, 26 May 2026 00:00:00 +0800

The rapid development of the aesthetic treatment industry in Malaysia, including the wide availability of non-invasive and semi-invasive procedures among Muslim operators, has introduced new challenges in terms of clinical safety and legal rulings, particularly when treatments are offered without medical necessity assessment and Shariah considerations. This study aims to identify the technical and Shariah elements of aesthetic treatments and to develop an integrated conceptual framework that combines them, thereby supporting the development of guidelines for Shariah compliant selection of aesthetic treatments. The study employs a qualitative, literature-based design with a content analysis of primary and secondary sources, including recognized fiqh texts, Maqasid Shariah literature, regulatory documents, and journal articles on aesthetic medicine. Findings identify the key technical elements that structure treatment safety: practitioner qualifications, procedure level classification, assessment, informed consent, infection control, equipment and material safety, complication management, documentation, and ethical governance. Simultaneously, the Shariah elements emphasizes the assessment of intention, the levels of necessity (daruriyyat, hajiyyat, tahsiniyyat), balancing of benefits (maslahah) and harms (mafsadah), and treatment ethics including modesty and dignity. The discussion concludes that integrating these two dimensions produces a more holistic conceptual framework for evaluating the acceptability of aesthetic treatments, enhancing patient safety and minimizing confusion among Muslim consumers in making treatment decisions. This study has the potential to provide the basic elements for developing aesthetic treatment guidelines based on the Maqasid Shariah.

Abstrak

Perkembangan pesat industri rawatan estetik di Malaysia, termasuk penawaran meluas prosedur tidak invasif dan separa invasif dalam kalangan pengusaha Muslim, menimbulkan cabaran baharu dari sudut keselamatan klinikal dan penentuan hukum, khususnya apabila rawatan ditawarkan tanpa penilaian keperluan perubatan dan pertimbangan Syariah. Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti elemen teknikal dan Syariah dalam rawatan estetik serta membangunkan kerangka konsep bersepadu yang mengintegrasikan kedua-duanya bagi menyokong pembangunan garis panduan pemilihan rawatan estetik patuh Syariah. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kualitatif berasaskan kepustakaan dengan pendekatan analisis kandungan terhadap sumber primer dan sekunder, termasuk kitab fiqh muktabar, literatur Maqasid Syariah, serta dokumen regulatori dan artikel jurnal berkaitan rawatan estetik. Dapatan kajian mengenal pasti elemen teknikal utama yang menstrukturkan keselamatan rawatan, iaitu kelayakan pengamal, pengelasan tahap prosedur, penilaian, persetujuan bermaklumat, kawalan jangkitan, keselamatan peralatan dan bahan, pengurusan komplikasi, dokumentasi, serta tadbir urus etika. Pada masa yang sama, elemen Syariah menekankan penilaian niat, tahap keperluan (daruriyyat, hajiyyat, tahsiniyyat), imbangan maslahah dan mafsadah, serta adab rawatan termasuk aurat dan maruah. Perbincangan merumuskan bahawa integrasi kedua-dua dimensi ini menghasilkan kerangka konseptual yang lebih holistik untuk menilai kebolehterimaan rawatan estetik, memperkukuh keselamatan pesakit dan meminimumkan kekeliruan pengguna Muslim dalam membuat keputusan rawatan. Kajian ini berpotensi menyediakan elemen asas bagi pembangunan garis panduan rawatan estetik berpandukan Maqasid Syariah.

THE POLEMIC OF MUNKAR HADITH: A STUDY OF THE MUQADDIMAH OF ṢAḤĪḤ MUSLIM

Dzulfaidhi Hakimie Dzulraidi, Haswira Salleh Ahim, Ali Abdul Jalil — Tue, 26 May 2026 00:00:00 +0800

The term munkar is among the technical terms used in the discipline of hadith to evaluate problematic narrations. However, the definition of munkar hadith has sparked significant debate among hadith scholars. Some scholars, such as Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalānī, define munkar hadith as a narration reported by a weak (da‘īf) narrator that contradicts the narration of a trustworthy (thiqqah) narrator, while others like al-Zahabī include narrations from acceptable (maqbūl) narrators if they contradict stronger ones. This raises questions about how the term munkar was understood by earlier hadith critics (muhaddithūn mutaqaddimīn), especially specific prominent figures. Imam Muslim also discussed issues related to munkar in the Muqaddimah of Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Therefore, this study aims to analyze his perspective in hopes of clarifying and academically resolving the ongoing polemic regarding the definition of munkar hadith. This study employs a qualitative methodology, using document and content analysis as its main techniques. The findings reveal that Imam Muslim did not provide a technical definition of the term munkar, but instead outlined indicators that help identify such narrations—specifically when a narrator’s report contradicts that of other narrators who are stronger in terms of memory and integrity. His assessment does not hinge on whether the narrator is labeled as da‘īf or thiqqah, but rather focuses on patterns and consistency within the narration. This study contributes to clarifying Imam Muslim’s position within the scholarly discourse on munkar hadith and opens the door for refining the definition of the term in contemporary hadith studies. It also recommends further research on the works of other mutaqaddimīn scholars concerning jarḥ wa ta‘dīl and conflicting narrations, in order to build a more comprehensive framework for understanding hadith technical terminology within its original context.

Abstrak

Istilah munkar merupakan antara istilah teknikal yang digunakan dalam disiplin ilmu hadith untuk menilai riwayat yang bermasalah. Namun, definisi hadith munkar telah menjadi polemik dalam kalangan sarjana hadith. Sebahagian ulama seperti Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalānī mendefinisikan hadith munkar sebagai riwayat perawi da‘īf yang bercanggah dengan perawi tsiqah, manakala tokoh lain seperti al-Zahabī pula memasukkan riwayat perawi maqbul sebagai asas penilaian munkar sekiranya bercanggah dengan perawi yang lebih kuat. Justeru, timbul persoalan berkenaan bagaimana istilah munkar difahami oleh para muhaddithīn mutaqaddimīn khususnya bagi tokoh tertentu. Imam Muslim turut membincangkan isu berkaitan munkar dalam Muqaddimah Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, justeru kajian ini berusaha menganalisis pandangan beliau dengan harapan agar polemik definisi hadith munkar dalam kalangan sarjana hadith mutaqaddimīn dapat diperjelaskan dan dirungkaikan secara ilmiah. Kajian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis dokumen dan analisis kandungan sebagai teknik utama. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa Imam Muslim tidak memberikan definisi teknikal terhadap istilah munkar, namun menjelaskan tanda-tanda yang membolehkan sesuatu hadith dikenalpasti sebagai munkar, iaitu apabila riwayat seorang perawi bercanggah dengan riwayat perawi lain yang lebih kuat dari aspek hafalan dan keadilan. Penilaian tersebut tidak terikat dengan status perawi sebagai da‘īf atau thiqqah, tetapi berdasarkan pemerhatian terhadap corak dan konsistensi riwayat. Kajian ini memberikan sumbangan dalam menjelaskan kedudukan sebenar Imam Muslim dalam kerangka perbahasan hadith munkar serta membuka ruang kepada pemurnian semula definisi istilah ini dalam wacana ilmu hadith kontemporari. Kajian ini turut mencadangkan agar penelitian lanjutan dilakukan terhadap karya-karya mutaqaddimīn lain dalam isu jarḥ wa ta‘dīl dan percanggahan riwayat bagi membina kerangka pemahaman istilah teknikal hadith yang lebih menyeluruh berdasarkan konteks asalnya.

FROM TAWHID TO CIRCUITS: A CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK FOR INTEGRATING TAWHIDIC EPISTEMOLOGY IN ELECRICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION

Teddy Surya Gunawan — Tue, 26 May 2026 00:00:00 +0800

Engineering students are not shaped by ethics courses alone; they are also shaped by how they learn to model a circuit, interpret a signal, and justify a design decision. This paper develops a conceptual curriculum framework to integrate Tawhidic Epistemology into electrical engineering education, so that ethical responsibility is built into technical learning rather than added at the margins. Methodologically, the paper uses an analytical synthesis of the literature on Tawhidic Epistemology, engineering ethics, and outcome-based curriculum design to construct a discipline-specific framework and illustrate its translation into selected electrical engineering courses. The framework begins from the unity of knowledge under Tawhid and connects revelation, reason, amanah, ibadah, and maqasid al-shari‘ah to curriculum design, course structuring, learning outcomes, assessment, and continuous quality improvement. In foundational courses such as Electric Circuits and Signals and Systems, the framework emphasizes disciplined reasoning, transparent assumptions, and awareness of consequence; in design and ethics-related courses, it requires students to justify trade-offs involving safety, sustainability, public interest, and professional accountability. The paper also distinguishes between primary courses, where Tawhidic integration is explicit and assessable, and supportive courses, where it is embedded through technical framing and contextual reflection. Rather than claiming validated implementation, the paper presents a structured, academically grounded model for curriculum development in Islamic higher education. Its contribution lies in showing how Tawhidic Epistemology can move from philosophical principle to concrete educational design in a way that preserves technical rigor, strengthens ethical judgment, and remains compatible with outcome-based education and continuous quality improvement.

ETHICAL ENGAGEMENT WITH GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ESL ACADEMIC WRITING: LEARNERS’ EXPERIENCES FROM AN ISLAMIC HIGHER EDUCATION CONTEXT

Zarina Ashikin Zakaria, Norhaili Massari, Normazla Ahmad Mahir — Tue, 26 May 2026 00:00:00 +0800

The rapid development of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT has reshaped academic writing practices in higher education, including among English as a Second Language (ESL) learners. While existing studies have largely focused on the effectiveness of AI-assisted writing, limited attention has been given to learners’ lived experiences, emotional engagement, and ethical awareness, particularly within Islamic higher education contexts. Guided by an ethical perspective grounded in Islamic values, this qualitative study explores ESL learners’ perceptions and experiences of using ChatGPT to support academic writing at a Malaysian public university. Semi-structured group interviews were conducted with 50 Year 1 undergraduate ESL learners who used ChatGPT after completing their own written drafts. Thematic analysis revealed six interrelated themes: positive emotional engagement, linguistic scaffolding, learning through comparison, enhanced confidence and motivation, ethical awareness and self-regulation, and critical concerns regarding responsible use. The findings indicate that learners perceived ChatGPT as a supportive learning tool rather than a substitute for independent writing, particularly when its use was pedagogically guided and ethically framed. Viewed through an Islamic ethical lens, learners’ practices reflected principles of amanah (trust), mas’uliyyah (accountability), and adab al-‘ilm (ethical conduct in the pursuit of knowledge). This study contributes qualitative insights into the responsible integration of generative AI in ESL writing instruction and highlights pedagogical implications for Islamic higher education institutions seeking to balance technological innovation with ethical responsibility.

UNDERSTANDING AND AWARENESS OF THE COMMUNITY ABOUT HALAL FOOD SELECTION

Zalika Adam, Lubna Abd Rahman — Tue, 26 May 2026 00:00:00 +0800

This study aims to assess the level of understanding and awareness of the community regarding the selection of halal food. The main objective of this study is to determine the level of understanding and awareness of halal food selection among the Malay community and to observe their confidence in halal food products. The methodology used in this study is a survey method through questionnaires distributed to users of halal food products. The collected data were statistically analyzed to achieve the study’s objectives. The results of the study show that the level of understanding, awareness, and confidence of the community about halal food is high. The community, especially the Malays, heavily relies on the halal logo to ensure that the products they purchase are safe, of high quality, and comply with halal requirements. However, there are still some individuals who remain doubtful about certain aspects of the halal production and certification process. This study suggests that more comprehensive and continuous awareness campaigns be conducted by authorities and related organizations to enhance community knowledge. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of education and the dissemination of accurate information about halal food to ensure that the community makes wise and safe choices in their food selection.

Abstrak

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai tahap kefahaman dan kesedaran masyarakat mengenai pemilihan makanan halal. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tahap kefahaman dan kesedaran terhadap pemilihan makanan halal dalam kalangan masyarakat Melayu serta melihat keyakinan mereka terhadap produk makanan halal. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah kaedah tinjauan melalui soal selidik yang diedarkan kepada pengguna produk makanan halal. Data yang dikumpul dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan software SPSS untuk mencapai objektif kajian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap kefahaman dan kesedaran serta keyakinan masyarakat tentang makanan halal adalah tinggi. Masyarakat Melayu khususnya sangat bergantung pada logo halal untuk memastikan produk yang dibeli selamat, berkualiti dan mematuhi syarat-syarat halal. Namun, masih terdapat segelintir masyarakat yang masih ragu-ragu terhadap aspek tertentu dalam proses pengeluaran dan pensijilan Halal. Kajian ini mencadangkan agar kempen kesedaran yang lebih menyeluruh dan berterusan dijalankan oleh pihak berkuasa dan organisasi berkaitan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat. Sebagai penutup, kajian ini menekankan kepentingan pendidikan dan penyebaran maklumat yang tepat mengenai makanan halal untuk memastikan masyarakat membuat pilihan yang bijak dan selamat dalam pemilihan makanan mereka.

RECONSTRUCTING ḤADĪTH CRITICISM THROUGH ISLAMIC EPISTEMOLOGY: A STUDY OF CONTEMPORARY HERMENEUTICS AND IDEOLOGICAL INFLUENCES

Mohd Aiman Barudin — Tue, 26 May 2026 00:00:00 +0800

This study examines contemporary transformations in ḥadīth criticism, with particular attention to the epistemological challenges posed by modern hermeneutical approaches, ideological influences, and digital religious discourse. Classical Islamic scholarship developed a rigorous methodology of ḥadīth verification through the combined processes of isnād and matn criticism, aimed at preserving the authenticity and authority of Prophetic traditions. In the contemporary context, however, various interpretive trends, particularly those influenced by modern hermeneutics, feminist readings, reformist thought, and digital media discourse have encouraged renewed engagement with ḥadīth texts and their meanings. Adopting a qualitative library-based methodology, this study analyses selected contemporary approaches to ḥadīth criticism and evaluates them through the lens of Islamic epistemology, particularly the tawḥīdic paradigm and the Qur’ānic worldview. The study argues that although contemporary hermeneutical models may offer useful insights for contextual understanding, some approaches raise epistemological concerns when they rely heavily on subjective, relativistic, or ideologically shaped criteria. This is especially evident when ethical reinterpretation is prioritised without sufficient attention to established principles of authentication and isnād-based validation. The paper proposes a reconstructed framework for ḥadīth criticism that integrates classical methodologies with contemporary awareness while maintaining epistemological integrity. It concludes that a balanced approach, anchored in revelation (waḥy), reason (‘aql), and authoritative transmission (naql), is essential for safeguarding the authenticity and relevance of ḥadīth in the digital era. The study further proposes a structured three-stage model integrating authentication, analysis, and contextualisation within a tawḥīdic epistemological framework.

THE LEGAL NATURE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND RELATED SHARIA RULINGS: A COMPARATIVE FOUNDATIONAL STUDY IN EMIRATI LAW AND ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE

Saeed Almazrouei, Siti Aisyah Samudin, Mahamatayuding Samah, Hanira Hanafi — Tue, 26 May 2026 00:00:00 +0800

This article examines and analyzes the topic of artificial intelligence and the legal risks arising from its use, considering the significant expansion of its applications in various aspects of life, particularly in different fields such as transportation, like self-driving cars, and in healthcare, like medical robots. The article aims to highlight the legal problems arising from the use of artificial intelligence, foremost among them the issue of legal liability for damages resulting from decisions made by intelligent systems independently, in addition to the challenges related to privacy, data protection, algorithmic bias, and the ambiguity of decision-making algorithms, and the resulting effects on justice and equality. The importance of this study lies in the fact that it keeps pace with the developments of the digital age and draws attention to the need to develop legal and ethical frameworks that are appropriate to the changing and complex nature of artificial intelligence. The research problem lies in questioning the adequacy of current legal frameworks in addressing these challenges, and the need to adopt new laws or update existing legislation to ensure the safe and regulated use of these technologies. The article employs a descriptive-analytical approach to describe and analyze legal texts and judicial rulings. It concludes that there is a clear legislative gap in the regulation of artificial intelligence, and a lack of a unified legal framework governing its use, highlighting the urgent need for legislative intervention. Considering this, the study recommends enacting specialized national and international legislation, establishing independent technical regulatory bodies, and promoting transparency and ethical considerations in algorithm design to achieve a balance between technological advancement and the protection of fundamental rights.

ملخص البحث

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى بيان الطبيعة القانونية للذكاء الاصطناعي وما يتعلق به من أحكام شرعية، من خلال تحليل مفهوم الذكاء الاصطناعي وأهميته في الفقه الإسلامي، ومقارنته بنظرية الشخصية القانونية في القانون الإماراتي، وتنبع إشكالية الدراسة من الطبيعة التقنية المتطورة لأنظمة الذكاء الاصطناعي، وما تتسم به من استقلال نسبي وقدرة على التعلم الذاتي، مما يثير تساؤلات حول تحديد الشخص المسؤول عن الضرر في حال غياب الخطأ البشري المباشر، واعتمدت الدراسة المنهج التحليلي التأصيلي في استقراء القواعد الفقهية الحاكمة للضمان، كقاعدة "لا ضرر ولا ضرار"، وقاعدة "المباشر ضامن وإن لم يتعمد"، وقاعدة "الغرم بالغنم"، كما اعتمدت المنهج المقارن لتحليل طبيعة الشخصية القانونية للذكاء الاصطناعي في القانون الإماراتي، وبيان مدى توافقها مع الأصول الفقهية، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج أهمها: أبرزها أن أنظمة الذكاء الاصطناعي تُعد في الأصل أدوات تقنية لا تتمتع بالشخصية القانونية المستقلة، وأن قواعد الضمان في الفقه الإسلامي، بما تتضمنه من مبادئ كقاعدة "لا ضرر ولا ضرار" و"المباشر ضامن وإن لم يتعمد" و"الغرم بالغنم"، قادرة على استيعاب الأضرار الناشئة عن استخدام هذه التقنيات وإسناد المسؤولية إلى من يتولى تشغيلها أو الإشراف عليها أو يقصّر في حراستها