The Concept Of Al-’Ahliyyah And Takyif Fiqhiyy For Autonomous Mobile Robots According To Syariah: Konsep Al-’Ahliyyah Dan Takyif Fiqhiyy Bagi Robot Mudah Alih Berautonomi Menurut Hukum-Hakam Syariah

Ahmad Safwan  Yunos; Wan Muhammad Syahmi Wan Saifuddin; Mohammad Naqib Hamdan

Authors

Ahmad Safwan Yunos Postgraduate Student
Wan Muhammad Syahmi Wan Saifuddin Postgraduate Student
Mohammad Naqib Hamdan Senior Lecturer

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence, Autonomous Robot, Al-’ahliyyah, Shariah, Takyif Fiqhiyy

Abstract

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has led to the creation of Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs). However, this rapid development also raises new challenges and questions, particularly in the context of law and ethics. As autonomous entities capable of functioning independently, the emergence of Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs) as an application of AI technology has raised the question of their legal status: can these robots be considered legal subjects? This question arises when scenarios occur in several countries, such as Saudi Arabia, which recognizes this technology as a legal subject with certain capacities. Saudi Arabia in 2017 announced that the robot Sophia would be granted Saudi Arabian citizenship. This paper explores the legal status of AMRs from the perspective of Islamic law, particularly the concept of al-’ahliyyah (legal capacity). This study uses a qualitative research methodology approach. The researcher takes a literature study approach by examining classical fiqh texts that discuss the concept of al-’ahliyyah, including ‘ahliyyat wujub and ‘ahliyyat ada'. The paper concludes that while AMRs cannot be considered legal subjects in the same way as humans, they may be granted certain limited rights and responsibilities based on their capabilities. The development of clear and comprehensive legal and ethical guidelines for the use of AMRs is essential.

Abstrak
Perkembangan Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) telah membawa kepada penciptaan Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs). Bagaimanapun, perkembangan pesat ini turut menimbulkan cabaran dan persoalan baharu, khususnya dalam konteks undang-undang dan etika. Sebagai entiti autonomi yang mampu berfungsi secara bebas, kemunculan Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs) sebagai aplikasi teknologi AI telah menimbulkan persoalan status undang-undang mereka: bolehkah robot ini dianggap subjek undang-undang? Persoalan ini timbul apabila senario berlaku di beberapa negara, seperti Arab Saudi, yang mengiktiraf teknologi ini sebagai subjek undang-undang dengan kapasiti tertentu. Arab Saudi pada 2017 mengumumkan bahawa robot Sophia akan diberikan kewarganegaraan Arab Saudi. Kertas kerja ini bertujuan bagi mengenalpasti status undang-undang AMR dari sudut perundangan Islam, khususnya konsep al-’ahliyyah (keupayaan undang-undang). Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan metodologi kajian kualitatif. Pengkaji mengambil pendekatan kajian literatur dengan meneliti teks-teks fiqh klasik yang membincangkan konsep al-’ahliyyah antaranya ‘ahliyyat wujub dan ‘ahliyyat ada'. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa walaupun AMR tidak boleh dianggap sebagai subjek undang-undang dengan cara yang sama seperti manusia, mereka mungkin diberikan hak dan tanggungjawab terhad tertentu berdasarkan keupayaan mereka. Pembangunan garis panduan undang-undang dan etika yang jelas dan komprehensif untuk penggunaan AMR adalah penting.

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Author Biographies

Ahmad Safwan Yunos, Postgraduate Student

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Wan Muhammad Syahmi Wan Saifuddin , Postgraduate Student

Institusi Dar al-Hadith al-Hasaniyya, Maghribi.

Mohammad Naqib Hamdan, Senior Lecturer

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

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