HAMKA’S APPROACH TO DA‘WAH AND POLITICS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE INTERPRETATION OF VERSES RELATED TO THE PROPHETIC BIOGRAPHY

PENDEKATAN HAMKA DALAM DAKWAH DAN POLITIK: ANALISIS PENTAFSIRAN AYAT-AYAT BERKAITAN SIRAH NABAWIYYAH

Abstract

Da'wah and politics are two important components of Islam that complement each other in carrying out the duties of the vicegerency. However, both components are often discussed separately, the integration of them is rarely discussed in depth especially based on the interpretation of the Quran. This study aims to examine the da'wah and political approach highlighted by Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah (HAMKA) through Tafsir al-Azhar, especially in interpreting verses related to Life of the Prophet Muhammad P.B.U.H. in a contemporary context. The verses of Sirah Nabawiyyah were chosen for study because the Prophet P.B.U.H serves as a guide in preaching and politics. This study is qualitative in nature, employing content analysis of HAMKA’s interpretations of Qur’anic verses related to the Sirah Nabawiyyah. The selection of verses is based on previous scholarly works, authoritative tafsir, and historical context. The data are analysed inductively and thematically to identify HAMKA’s da‘wah and political approaches, and literature triangulation is used to strengthen the reliability of the findings. The findings of the study show that HAMKA does not only discuss textually, but also emphasizes contextual and practical descriptions related to da'wah and politics. HAMKA's da'wah approach is focused on aspects of the personal formation of the preacher, the basics of faith, the application of jurisprudence in contemporary times, moral values, as well as responses to social issues. Meanwhile, his political approach is focused on aspects of Islamic political values, the concept of nationalisme and the policies of administration and management of the country based on Sirah Nabawiyyah. This study concludes that HAMKA's approach has the potential to become a primary reference in understanding the relevance of Sirah Nabawiyyah in addressing contemporary da'wah and political challenges. This article contributes to a broader understanding of the relevance of the Sirah Nabawiyyah as a guide to be practiced in modern times.

Abstrak

Dakwah dan politik merupakan dua komponen penting dalam Islam yang saling melengkapi dalam melaksanakan tugas kekhalifahan. Meskipun begitu, kedua-duanya sering dibincangkan secara berasingan, integrasi kedua-duanya jarang dibincangkan secara mendalam khasnya berdasarkan tafsiran al-Quran.  Kajian ini bertujuan meneliti pendekatan dakwah dan politik yang diketengahkan oleh Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah (HAMKA) melalui Tafsir al-Azhar, khususnya dalam mentafsir ayat-ayat berkaitan Sirah Nabi Muhammad SAW dalam konteks kontemporari. Ayat-ayat Sirah Nabawiyyah dipilih untuk dikaji kerana Nabi SAW merupakan panduan dalam berdakwah dan berpolitik. Kajian ini berbentuk kualitatif melalui analisis kandungan huraian HAMKA terhadap ayat al-Quran berkaitan Sirah Nabawiyyah. Pemilihan ayat dibuat berasaskan rujukan karya terdahulu, tafsir muktabar dan konteks sejarah. Data dianalisis secara induktif dan tematik bagi mengenal pasti pendekatan dakwah dan politik HAMKA serta triangulasi literatur digunakan bagi mengukuhkan kebolehpercayaan dapatan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa HAMKA bukan hanya mengupas secara tekstual, malah menekankan huraian yang bersifat kontekstual dan praktikal berkaitan dakwah dan politik.   Pendekatan dakwah HAMKA tertumpu pada aspek pembentukan peribadi pendakwah, asas-asas akidah, aplikasi hukum pada zaman kontemporari, nilai-nilai akhlak, serta respons terhadap isu-isu kemasyarakatan. Sementara itu, pendekatan politik beliau pula tertumpu pada aspek nilai-nilai politik Islam, konsep kenegaraan dan dasar-dasar pentadbiran dan pengurusan negara berteraskan Sirah Nabawiyyah. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa pendekatan HAMKA berpotensi menjadi rujukan utama dalam memahami relevansi Sirah Nabawiyyah bagi menangani cabaran dakwah dan politik semasa. Artikel ini menyumbang kepada pemahaman lebih meluas terhadap relevansi panduan Sirah Nabawiyyah untuk dipraktikkan pada zaman moden.