Integrating The Theory Of Human Development With The Implementation Of Zakat In Malaysia
Integrasi Teori Pembangunan Manusia Dan Pelaksanaan Zakat Di Malaysia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64757/alqanatir.2025.3404/1230Keywords:
Zakat, Zakat Distribution, Institution, Human Development Index (HDI)Abstract
Human development is a framework that emphasizes the improvement of individual capabilities in terms of health, education and standards of living, as outlined in the Human Development Index (HDI) by UNDP in 1990. From the Islamic point of view, zakat serves as an economic and social instrument that not only aims to help the needy, but also contributes to sustain and empower human life. The objective of this study is to examine the theory of human development through the implementation of zakat in Malaysia. Qualitative method analysis are being used in this study for data collection. Next, descriptive methods are used to analyse the data. Through critical analysis of various literature review inclusive of the zakat institutional reports, academic journals and human development reports. This study found out that there is a significant and positive relationship between effective zakat distribution by state Islamic religious councils towards the higher living standards of the asnaf. Zakat that is distributed systematically and effectively in the form of educational, health, entrepreneurship and skills development assistance is seen to be able to contribute to the major dimensions of human development. It is also suggested that future studies be more empirical in nature to further strengthen the understanding of the impact of zakat on human development at the national level based on the theory that has been formed.
Abstrak
Pembangunan manusia merupakan suatu kerangka yang menekankan peningkatan keupayaan individu dari aspek kesihatan, pendidikan dan taraf hidup, sebagaimana yang digariskan dalam Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) oleh UNDP pada tahun 1990. Dalam konteks Islam, zakat berperanan sebagai instrumen ekonomi dan sosial yang bukan sahaja bertujuan membantu golongan memerlukan, tetapi juga menyumbang kepada pemerkasaan hidup secara berterusan. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji teori pembangunan manusia berdasarkan kepada pelaksanaan zakat di Malaysia. Kaedah kualitatif digunakan dalam kajian ini dengan menggunakan metod analisis kandungan bagi pengumpulan data. Seterusnya, kaedah deskriptif digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Melalui analisis kritikal terhadap pelbagai sumber literatur terdahulu, termasuk laporan institusi zakat, jurnal akademik dan laporan pembangunan manusia. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dan positif antara agihan zakat yang berkesan oleh Majlis Agama Islam Negeri dengan peningkatan taraf hidup golongan asnaf. Zakat yang diagihkan secara sistematik dan berkesan dalam bentuk bantuan pendidikan, kesihatan, keusahawanan dan pembangunan kemahiran dilihat mampu menyumbang kepada dimensi utama pembangunan manusia. Turut dicadangkan pada kajian akan datang adalah lebih bersifat kepada kajian empirikal bagi mengukuhkan lagi pemahaman kesan zakat terhadap pembangunan manusia di peringkat negara berasaskan kepada teori yang telah dibentuk.
Downloads
References
Buku
Becker, G.S. (1964). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. University of Chicago Press.
Chapra, U. (2000). Islam and Economic Development. A. Basri (Pent.). Gema Insani Press.
Mannan, M.A. (1993). Ekonomi Islam Teori dan Praktis (Asas-asas Ekonomi Islam). Jilid 3. Dlm. Man. Z. (Peny.), Kader, R.A. (Pent.). A.S. Noordeen
Meier, G. M., & Rauch, J. E. (2000). Leading Issues in Economic Development. 7th edition. Oxford University Press.
Sachs, J. (2005). The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time. Penguin Press
Sen. A. (1999). Development as Freedom. Oxford University Press.
Ul Haq, Mahbub. (1995). Reflections on Human Development. Oxford University Press
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (1990). Human Development Report 1990. Oxford University Press.
Oxford University Press. (1989). The Oxford English Dictionary. (2nd ed.). (Vols. 1–20). Oxford University Press.
Jurnal
Abdullah, M. A., & Suhaib, A. Q. (2011). The Impact of Zakat on Social Life of Muslim Society. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 30(2), 439–443.
Adnan M., N. I. & Roselam C., M. A. (2018). Pengagihan Dana Zakat Dalam Bentuk Pembiayaan Mikro Untuk Usahawan Miskin di Malaysia. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 13 (1), 1-14.
Akmal, I.K.B., Majid, M.S.A & Gunawan, E. (2020). Does Zakat Matter For Human Development? An Empirical Evidence From Indonesia. Regional Science Inquiry, 5(2), 195-208.
Ayasrah M, T. M. (2012). The Social Economic Development Index: A New Measurement of Development. Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, 46(2), 37 – 53
Eren, M., & Kaynak, S. (2017). An Evaluation of EU Member States According To Human Development and Global Competitiveness Dimensions Using The Multi-Period Grey Relational Analysis (MP-GRA) Technique. Grey Systems: Theory and Application, 7(1), 60–70.
Hasan, H., & Abdullah, M. A. (2022). Exploring The Role of Zakat on Health And Education In Malaysia: A Panel Data Analysis. Asian Journal of Islamic Management, 4(1), 1–14.
Hassan, M.K. & Khan, A. (2007). Zakat, Education and Poverty Alleviation. Journal of Economic Cooperation, 28(4), 1–38.
Ismail M., M.N. & Ali, N. A. (2023). Konsep Asnaf Mualaf dan Had Pengukuran Mualaf. Al-Basirah, 3(1), 25-41.
Mansor, N., & Mat, N. (2010). The Impact of Zakat Distribution on Human Development In Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance, 6(2), 17–41.
Meerangani, K. A. (2019). The Role of Zakat in Human Development. Jurnal Sosial & Budaya Syar-i, 6(2), 141-154.
Noor, M.I., & Ghani, N.A. (2021). Impacts of Zakat-Based Health Assistance Programs on Human Development in Malaysia. International Journal of Zakat and Islamic Philanthropy, 3(2), 22–36.
Rahim A., Z., Syofyan, S. & Esya, L. (2022). The Influence of The Islamic Human Development Index (I-HDI) on Human Development. International Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies (UMRAN). 9(3), 83 -103
Rahim, S., Murshed, M., Umarbeyli, S., Kirikkaleli, D., Ahmad, M., Tufail, M., & Wahab, S. (2021). Do Natural Resources Abundance and Human Capital Development Promote Economic Growth? A Study on the Resource Curse Hypothesis in Next Eleven Countries. Resources, Environment and Sustainability, 4, 100018.
Rasool A., M. S., Ahmad, S.N.A & Ali, S.M. (2020). Enhancing Household Well-Being Through Zakat Assistance: A Wealth Perspective. International Journal of Zakat, 5(2), 23-36.
Saad, N.M. & Farouk, A.U. (2019). The Role of Zakat in Human Development: Evidence From Panel Data in OIC Countries. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 35(4), 620–637.
Sharofiddin, A., Othman, A.H.A. & Alhabshi, S.M.S.J. (2019). The Impact of Zakat Distribution on Social Welfare: A Case Study of Selangor Zakat Agencies, Malaysia. Al-Shajarah: Journal of the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC), Special Issues. 147-167.
Suprayitno, E. (2020). The Impact of Zakat on Economic Growth in 5 States in Indonesia. International Journal of Islamic Banking and Finance Research, 4(1), 1-7.
W. Schultz, T. (1961). Investment in Human Capital. The American Economic Review, L1(1), 1-17.
Wahab, N. A., & Rahman, A. R. A. (2011). Efficiency of Islamic Institutions: Empirical Evidence of Zakat Organizations in Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance, 7(4), 95–118
Yusoff, M. B. (2011). Zakat Expenditure, School Enrolment And Economic Growth in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(6), 175 – 181.
Zulkifli, W. S., & Nor, M. A. M. (2017). The Role of Zakat In Improving The Health Condition of Asnaf: A Case Study In Selangor. International Journal of Zakat, 2(3), 59–67
Kertas Seminar
Kadri, Z., Ahmad, S. & Noor, M.A.M. (2012). Zakat Sebagai Pemangkin Pembangunan Ekonomi: Ke Arah Negara Berpendapatan Tinggi. Prosiding Persidangan Kebangsaan Ekonomi Malaysia (PERKEM) VII, Jilid 2. 4-6 Jun 2012. 1263-1273.
Kahf, M. (1999). The Performance of the Institution of Zakah in Theory and Practice. The International Conference on Islamic Economics Towards 21st Century, 26 – 30 April 1999.
Internet
HDI dimensions and indicators. (2023). https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/human-development-index#/indicies/HDI (diakses pada 23 April 2025).
What is 'Human Development Index'. (2023). https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/human-development-index (diakses pada 23 April 2025).
Statistik Kutipan Zakat Harta dan Fitrah. (2024). https://baitulmal.jawhar.gov.my/zkt_statistik_map.php (diakses pada 2 Mei 2025)
Malaysia Human Development Index (MHDI) 2022. (2023). https://www.dosm.gov.my/site/downloadrelease?id=malaysia-human-development-index-2022&lang=English&admin_view=#:~:text=MHDI%20comprises%20three%20dimensions%20namely,a%20decent%20standard%20of%20living.&text=The%20performance%20of%20the%20MHDI,compared%20to%200.806%20in%202021. (diakses pada 23 Mei 2025).
Islamic Social Finance Report 2017 by Islamic Research & Training Institute. (2017). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammed-Obaidullah/publication/325698377_IRTI_Islamic_Social_Finance_Report_2017/links/5b1ed117a6fdcc69745bf23a/IRTI-Islamic-Social-Finance-Report-2017.pdf (diakses pada 23 Februari 2025).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohd Taqiyuddin Che Hassan, Mohd Hafiz Abdul Wahab, Faezy Adenan, Mohd Zaid Mustafar

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.