THE CONCEPT OF FATWA REGARDING MEDICAL TREATMENT INVOLVING FORBIDDEN SOURCES

KONSEP FATWA RAWATAN MENGGUNAKAN SUMBER HARAM

Abstract

The advancement of modern medical technology has raised new challenges in determining the Islamic legal rulings regarding the use of substances derived from prohibited sources such as pork, alcohol, and carrion in pharmaceuticals. This issue has caused confusion among Muslims, particularly when involving emergency situations or the absence of halal alternatives. This article discusses the concept of using prohibited substances for medical treatment from an Islamic perspective by examining the definitions, categories of prohibited materials, and scholarly opinions from major Islamic schools of thought. It also explores the principles of maqasid al-shariah and legal maxims that justify permissibility in cases of necessity, as well as the conditions that must be fulfilled to allow such treatment. In addition, several contemporary fatwas issued in Malaysia are analysed to illustrate the practical application of Islamic rulings in a modern context. The findings indicate that while Islam generally prohibits the use of impure or unlawful substances, conditional exceptions are granted in situations that aim to preserve human life and wellbeing, in line with the higher objectives of Islamic law.

Abstrak
Perkembangan teknologi perubatan moden telah menimbulkan cabaran baharu dalam penentuan hukum berkaitan penggunaan bahan daripada sumber haram seperti khinzir, alkohol, dan bangkai dalam ubat-ubatan. Hal ini menimbulkan kekeliruan dalam kalangan masyarakat Muslim, khususnya apabila melibatkan situasi kecemasan atau ketiadaan alternatif yang halal. Artikel ini membincangkan konsep penggunaan bahan haram dalam rawatan menurut perspektif Islam dengan meneliti definisi, kategori bahan haram, serta pandangan fuqaha berdasarkan mazhab-mazhab utama. Penelitian turut dibuat terhadap prinsip maqasid syariah dan kaedah fiqh yang mendasari keharusan dalam keadaan darurat, termasuk syarat-syarat yang perlu dipenuhi bagi membolehkan rawatan menggunakan bahan terlarang. Di samping itu, beberapa fatwa kontemporari yang dikeluarkan di Malaysia turut dikaji sebagai bukti aplikasi hukum dalam konteks semasa. Dapatan kertas kerja ini menunjukkan bahawa Islam menolak penggunaan bahan haram secara umum, namun memberikan kelonggaran secara bersyarat demi menjaga nyawa dan kesejahteraan manusia, selaras dengan maqasid syariah.