THE METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES OF LEGAL ANALYSIS ADOPTED BY INTERNATIONAL FATWA INSTITUTIONS ON NON-ALCOHOLIC BEER

PENDEKATAN KAEDAH ANALISIS HUKUM INSTITUSI FATWA ANTARABANGSA TERHADAP MINUMAN BIR TANPA ALKOHOL

Abstract

This study investigates the methodological approaches employed by international fatwa institutions in determining the legal rulings on non-alcoholic beer, a contemporary product that visually and terminologically resembles alcoholic beverages yet does not induce intoxication. The analysis encompasses fatwas issued by the Majlis Ulama Indonesia (MUI), the Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM), the Islamic Religious Council of Singapore (MUIS), Darul Uloom Deoband India, IslamWeb Qatar, the International Union of Muslim Scholars (IUMS), and various state-level fatwa authorities in Malaysia. Particular attention is devoted to the istinbāṭ (derivation of rulings) methods adopted in these decisions. The findings reveal notable divergences in opinions, shaped by the respective legal analytical frameworks applied by these institutions or individual scholars. Variations are also evident in the permissible thresholds of alcohol content, ranging from 0.01% to 0.5%, depending on the specific fiqh perspective employed. Ultimately, the study affirms that, through the lens of fiqh methodology, Islam offers dynamic and pragmatic guidance in evaluating contemporary products such as non-alcoholic beer, provided such assessments remain anchored in the principles of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah and are informed by collaboration with relevant technical expertise.

Abstrak

Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis pendekatan institusi-institusi fatwa antarabangsa dalam menentukan hukum terhadap minuman bir tanpa alkohol, iaitu produk moden yang menyerupai arak dari segi rupa dan istilah tetapi tidak memabukkan. Kajian ini meneliti fatwa-fatwa yang dikeluarkan oleh institusi seperti Majlis Ulama Indonesia (MUI), Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (JAKIM), Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura (MUIS), Darul Uloom Deoband India, IslamWeb Qatar, International Union of Muslim Scholars (IUMS), serta fatwa negeri-negeri di Malaysia. Fokus diberikan kepada kaedah istinbāṭ yang diaplikasikan dalam penghasilan fatwa. Dapatan menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan pandangan berdasarkan kaedah analisis hukum yang dikeluarkan oleh badan fatwa antarabangsa atau individu dalam penghasilan fatwa. Kadar alkohol yang dibenarkan juga berbeza-beza antara 0.01% hingga 0.5%, bergantung kepada pendekatan fiqh masing-masing daripada sebahagian badan fatwa. Kesimpulannya, melalui kaedah fiqh, Islam mampu memberikan panduan yang dinamik dan realistik dalam menilai produk kontemporari seperti bir tanpa alkohol, selagi ia diasaskan kepada maqāṣid al-syarīʿah syariah dan kolaborasi dengan kepakaran teknikal.