THE LEGAL NATURE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND RELATED SHARIA RULINGS: A COMPARATIVE FOUNDATIONAL STUDY IN EMIRATI LAW AND ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE

الطبيعة القانونية للذكاء الاصطناعي وما يتعلق به من أحكام شرعية: دراسة تأصيلية مقارنة في القانون الإماراتي والفقه الإسلامي

Authors

  • Saeed Almazrouei Department of Shariah and Law Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti Malaya
  • Siti Aisyah Samudin Department of Shariah and Law Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti Malaya
  • Mahamatayuding Samah Department of Shariah and Law, Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti Malaya
  • Hanira Hanafi Department of Shariah and Law, Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti Malaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64757/alqanatir.2026.3505/1441

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence, Jurisprudence, UAE, Systems, Liability

Abstract

This article examines and analyzes the topic of artificial intelligence and the legal risks arising from its use, considering the significant expansion of its applications in various aspects of life, particularly in different fields such as transportation, like self-driving cars, and in healthcare, like medical robots. The article aims to highlight the legal problems arising from the use of artificial intelligence, foremost among them the issue of legal liability for damages resulting from decisions made by intelligent systems independently, in addition to the challenges related to privacy, data protection, algorithmic bias, and the ambiguity of decision-making algorithms, and the resulting effects on justice and equality. The importance of this study lies in the fact that it keeps pace with the developments of the digital age and draws attention to the need to develop legal and ethical frameworks that are appropriate to the changing and complex nature of artificial intelligence. The research problem lies in questioning the adequacy of current legal frameworks in addressing these challenges, and the need to adopt new laws or update existing legislation to ensure the safe and regulated use of these technologies. The article employs a descriptive-analytical approach to describe and analyze legal texts and judicial rulings. It concludes that there is a clear legislative gap in the regulation of artificial intelligence, and a lack of a unified legal framework governing its use, highlighting the urgent need for legislative intervention. Considering this, the study recommends enacting specialized national and international legislation, establishing independent technical regulatory bodies, and promoting transparency and ethical considerations in algorithm design to achieve a balance between technological advancement and the protection of fundamental rights.

ملخص البحث

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى بيان الطبيعة القانونية للذكاء الاصطناعي وما يتعلق به من أحكام شرعية، من خلال تحليل مفهوم الذكاء الاصطناعي وأهميته في الفقه الإسلامي، ومقارنته بنظرية الشخصية القانونية في القانون الإماراتي، وتنبع إشكالية الدراسة من الطبيعة التقنية المتطورة لأنظمة الذكاء الاصطناعي، وما تتسم به من استقلال نسبي وقدرة على التعلم الذاتي، مما يثير تساؤلات حول تحديد الشخص المسؤول عن الضرر في حال غياب الخطأ البشري المباشر، واعتمدت الدراسة المنهج التحليلي التأصيلي في استقراء القواعد الفقهية الحاكمة للضمان، كقاعدة "لا ضرر ولا ضرار"، وقاعدة "المباشر ضامن وإن لم يتعمد"، وقاعدة "الغرم بالغنم"، كما اعتمدت المنهج المقارن لتحليل طبيعة الشخصية القانونية للذكاء الاصطناعي في القانون الإماراتي، وبيان مدى توافقها مع الأصول الفقهية، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج أهمها: أبرزها أن أنظمة الذكاء الاصطناعي تُعد في الأصل أدوات تقنية لا تتمتع بالشخصية القانونية المستقلة، وأن قواعد الضمان في الفقه الإسلامي، بما تتضمنه من مبادئ كقاعدة "لا ضرر ولا ضرار" و"المباشر ضامن وإن لم يتعمد" و"الغرم بالغنم"، قادرة على استيعاب الأضرار الناشئة عن استخدام هذه التقنيات وإسناد المسؤولية إلى من يتولى تشغيلها أو الإشراف عليها أو يقصّر في حراستها

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Author Biographies

Saeed Almazrouei, Department of Shariah and Law Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti Malaya

Ph.D Student

Siti Aisyah Samudin, Department of Shariah and Law Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti Malaya

Senior Lecturer

Mahamatayuding Samah, Department of Shariah and Law, Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti Malaya

Senior Lecturer

Hanira Hanafi, Department of Shariah and Law, Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti Malaya

Senior Lecturer

References

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Published

2026-05-26

How to Cite

Almazrouei, S., Samudin, S. A., Samah, M., & Hanafi, H. (2026). THE LEGAL NATURE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND RELATED SHARIA RULINGS: A COMPARATIVE FOUNDATIONAL STUDY IN EMIRATI LAW AND ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE: الطبيعة القانونية للذكاء الاصطناعي وما يتعلق به من أحكام شرعية: دراسة تأصيلية مقارنة في القانون الإماراتي والفقه الإسلامي. Al-Qanatir: International Journal of Islamic Studies, 35(05), 98–115. https://doi.org/10.64757/alqanatir.2026.3505/1441