THE CONCEPT OF JUSTICE, FREEDOM, AND EQUALITY IN POLITICAL TERMINOLOGY BETWEEN ISLAM AND THE WEST: A COMPARATIVE ANALYTICAL STUDY
مفهوم العدالة والحرية والمساوة في المصطلحات السياسية بين الإسلام والغرب: دراسة تحليلية مقارنة
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64757/alqanatir.2026.3509/1543Keywords:
Thought, Western, Philosophy, Equality, FreedomAbstract
This study aims to provide a critical comparative analysis of the concept of justice in political terminology between Islam and the West, as it is not merely a passing lexical overlap, but rather reflects a radical epistemological divergence regarding foundational references and practical outcomes. The paper highlights the phenomenon of the erroneous adaptation of concepts and the attempts to project these terms onto the Islamic deliberative and political sphere. This random importation constitutes a conceptual rupture with legislative fundamentals, generating a state of intellectual bewilderment among Muslims. The study relies on a methodology that combines a critical structural analysis of terminology with a comparative approach between foundational Islamic texts and major Western political philosophy theses. The study reaches several findings, most notably: justice, freedom, and equality in Islam are founded on divine revelation and the principle of equity regulated by the objectives of Sharia. In contrast, in modern Western thought, they are based on individualism and material equality detached from religion, which produces practical contradictions that destroy human nature. The study also concludes that the distorted understanding of justice and equality amounts to a conceptual invasion that lays the groundwork for attempts to dismantle and destroy the collective and societal identity of the nation. Thus, it not only represents an academic problem but also fundamentally undermines any prospect of building a contemporary and independent Islamic political theory.
ملخص البحث
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقديم وصف تحليلي نقدي مقارن للمفهوم المقارن للعدالة في المصطلحات السياسية بين الإسلام والغرب، حيث إنه ليس مجرد اشتراك لفظي عابر، بل يعكس تبايناً معرفياً جذرياً يتعلق بالمرجعيات التأسيسية والمآلات التطبيقية. وتسلط الورقة الضوء على ظاهرة التكييف المغلوط للمفاهيم، ومحاولة إطلاق تلك المصطلحات وإسقاطها على المجال التداولي والسياسي الإسلامي. ويشكل هذا الاستيراد العشوائي قطيعة مفاهيمية مع الأصول التشريعية، مما يولد حالة من التيه الفكري لدى المسلمين. وتعتمد الدراسة على منهجية تجمع بين الوصف والتحليل النقدي لبنية المصطلح، والمنهج المقارن بين النصوص التأسيسية الإسلامية، وأطروحات الفلسفة السياسية الغربية الكبرى. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى بعض النتائج من أهمها: أن العدالة والحرية والمساواة والحرية تتأسس في الإسلام على الوحي ومبدأ الإنصاف المنضبط بمقاصد الشريعة، وترتكز في الفكر الغربي الحديث على النزعة الفردية والمساواة المادية المنفصلة عن الدّين، والتي تفرز تناقضات واقعية تهدم الفطرة البشرية. كما تخلص الدراسة إلى أن الفهم المشوه للعدالة والمساواة يرقى إلى مستوى الغزو المفاهيمي الذي يؤسس لمحاولات تفكيك وهدم الهوية الجمعية للأمة، والمجتمعية. وبذلك، فهو لا يمثل إشكالية أكاديمية فحسب، بل يقوّض بشكل أساسي أي إمكانية لبناء نظرية سياسية إسلامية معاصرة ومستقلة.
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