The Use Of Animal By-Products As Fish Feed Ingredients In The Aquaculture Industry: From Economic, Fiqh, And Scientific Perspectives
Penggunaan Produk Sampingan Haiwan Sebagai Ramuan Makanan Ikan Dalam Industri Akuakultur: Dari Sudut Ekonomi, Fiqh Dan Saintifik
Keywords:
Jallalah, Halal, Animal, By-Products, FiqhAbstract
The continuous increase in per capita fish consumption worldwide highlights the critical need for sustainable fish resources, and the aquaculture sector is capable of providing this assurance. This has been proven through the significant contribution of aquaculture to the global fish production over the past few decades. The rapid growth in production is largely supported by an increased reliance on artificial or formulated feeds, representing up to 80% of the total operational costs. Due to rising prices and the unsustainable nature of certain fish feed ingredients, such as fishmeal, fish oil, and soybean meal, many alternative ingredients are being used, including by-products of animals and animal waste, which have raised fiqh issues. Awareness of these matters is crucial for aquaculture entrepreneurs and fish food manufacturers if they wish to penetrate the halal market. This study utilizes both quantitative and qualitative methods, analyzing data from written sources such as books, journals, and relevant websites This paper describes the current status of aquafeed ingredients, highlighting the relevant fiqh laws. References to fatwas and current standards issued by Islamic countries and religious authorities are also presented, followed by proposed solutions to address these concerns.
Abstrak
Peningkatan berterusan penggunaan ikan per kapita di seluruh dunia menunjukkan betapa sumber ikan yang mampan adalah sangat diperlukan dan sektor akuakultur mampu memberikan jaminan ini. Ini telah dibuktikan melalui sumbangan signifikan akuakultur kepada jumlah pengeluaran perikanan dunia sejak beberapa dekad yang lalu. Pertumbuhan pengeluaran yang pesat sebahagian besarnya disokong oleh peningkatan kebergantungan kepada makanan buatan atau makanan rumusan yang boleh mewakili sehingga 80% daripada jumlah kos operasi. Disebabkan oleh kenaikan harga dan sumber makanan ikan yang tidak mampan terutamanya tepung ikan, minyak ikan dan tepung kacang soya; banyak bahan alternatif digunakan, terutamanya produk sampingan haiwan dan sisa haiwan yang menjadi isu fiqh. Kesedaran tentang ini penting kepada pengusaha akuakultur dan pengilang makanan ikan sekiranya mereka mahu menembusi pasaran halal. Kajian ini menggunakan metod kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan menganalisis data-data daripada penulisan buku, jurnal dan laman web yang berkaitan. Kertas kerja ini menghuraikan tentang status semasa ramuan makanan ikan yang menjadi perhatian dan hukum fiqh yang berkaitan. Rujukan kepada fatwa dan dokumen piawaian semasa oleh negara Islam dan pihak berkuasa agama juga dibentangkan dan diikuti dengan cadangan penyelesaian untuk menangani hal ini.
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